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| 1 But seeing the crowds, he went up into the mountain, and having sat down, his disciples came to him; |
He went up – Being wearied with exhaustive labor, too weary to minister to the multitudes. R1493:3*
Into a mountain – He did not seek a public place where the largest audience could be gathered, but a place of retirement where he could be alone with his disciples. R3243:1
Supposedly a site known as the Mount of Beatitudes, sloping gradually, about 60 feet high, situated about seven miles southwest from Capernaum. R2249:3
It is said that on this mountain the last remnant of the Crusaders was destroyed in AD 1187. R2249:3
His disciples came – They had not yet become sons of God in the full sense of the word. Jesus spoke in an anticipatory or prophetic sense, as if they were already new creatures. R5623:2,3
His disciples were nearest to him, with the multitudes surrounding. R2249:3, 2589:1
Our Lord's first message was, Repent and get ready for the Kingdom (Matt. 4:17). To those who accepted that message he now gave additional blessed lessons. R4556:3
Jesus was addressing such of the Jews as had the hearing ear, such as had an inclination to be his disciples. Only the spirit-begotten understand these beatitudes fully. R5003:4, 4557:2, 3243:1
Not addressed to a promiscuous congregation of saints and sinners, but to his earnest and faithful disciples who had left all to follow him. R1493:3*
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| 2 and, having opened his mouth, he taught them, saying,
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Taught them – A different message; others hold forth the rich, the learned, the influential, as patterns to copy; but Jesus set forth the reverse to attain happiness. R5003:2
The sermon is entirely devoid of anything like oratory; for evidently its object was to instruct, rather than to play upon the emotions of the hearers. R1493:2*
Instructed his disciples how they could best make their calling and election sure and win the great prize. R5003:5
His words were simple and easy to be understood. They applied strongly both to the judgment and to the heart. R1493:3*
His discourse was so directed as to divide his hearers into two classes--some disappointed, others thoroughly satisfied. Thus does the truth always separate. R3733:3
Not with threats of vengeance if the lessons were not learned; and while only the spirit-begotten can fully appreciate them, others may gather precious lessons from the beatitudes. R5003:5
Saying – The character of our Lord is one. Here the Lord divides this one character into different sections, giving us a view of each particular part. R2585:2
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| 3 Blessed are the poor in spirit, for *theirs* is the kingdom of the heavens.
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Blessed – Much more than happy. Happiness usually proceeds from outward causes, while the word blessed here carries with it the thought of great or honorable. R2249:6
Happiness describes joyful moods which come from time to time; but blessedness relates to that permanent joy and comfort which results from attaining character in harmony with the divine. R3733:2
The contrast between the Ten Commandments and the eight beatitudes illustrates the difference between the Law Dispensation and the Dispensation of Grace. R5003:2
The beatitudes designate the particular graces necessary to receive the blessings which the Father designed we should enjoy through Christ. R2249:3, 2240:1
We advise a reading and pondering on alternative Sundays of this delineation of the graces and the Apostle Paul's summation of the same graces in 1 Cor. 13. R2240:1[R2240:2], 2234:5, 2205:6
The poor in spirit – The Foundation of the Palace of Blessedness is Humility. R5003:5
The Greek word signifies "extremely poor, utterly destitute." R2250:1
The first blessed state, in some respects, comprehends all the others. It is the gateway, the hallway of the House of Blessing, from which all the other rooms are accessible. R2249:6
Not the rich, the learned, the prominent, the rulers, the self-conceited, but those lacking self-esteem, who appreciate their own littleness and imperfection. R3733:6, 5991:5, 2139:1
Nevertheless, evidently moderate poverty is the most favorable condition for us in our present weak and fallen condition. R2250:1
Humble-minded, and therefore more teachable. R4969:4, 4557:3
While all humble persons will not attain the Kingdom, the Kingdom cannot be attained by anyone who is not humble. R2585:2
God would never accept as a member of the Kingdom class one possessed of the spirit of pride and selfish ambition. R5003:5, 2585:3
Not necessarily poor in pocket. Some who are poor in pocket, or in intellectual gifts or attainments, are very proud in spirit. R2585:5, 1920:5
A full appreciation of our own spiritual destitution is essential before we will be ready to receive the measures of divine grace provided. R2250:1
It is only when we are little in our own eyes that God can use us with safety to ourselves. R1920:5
Luke omits "in spirit"; those who become poor in any sense of the word, whether financially, socially or otherwise, by sacrificing themselves. Blessed are all the sacrificers. R1493:5*
If the success of yesterday makes you fret under the humiliation of today, then beware: you are not as roundly developed spiritually as you should be. R1920:6
Theirs is the kingdom – They are the prospective kings and priests of the new dispensation. R2139:5*
To those, all the Master's gracious promises and lessons of wisdom, comfort and instruction are given. R5991:5
Even now these constitute the embryo Kingdom. R2139:4*
Only the poor in spirit can submit to the discipline and training necessary to fit them for the Kingdom. R2139:4*
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| 4 Blessed they that mourn, for *they* shall be comforted.
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Blessed – Growing out of the first quality, as a tree of many branches out of the root, come the other graces of the spirit. R2585:3
So if we find that the great majority of mankind have had considerable mourning and sorrow, there is comfort that the majority shall be comforted and receive joy. NS614:4
They that mourn – The Palace Reception Room is the Chamber of Sorrow--mourning. R5003:6
The sympathetic, who realize their own imperfections, and are touched with pity for the poor groaning creation as they see them dying in sorrow, pain and disappointment. R3734:1, 2, 5003:6, 2586:1, 2250:2; NS190:4
Necessary for our complete separation from the things of the world, the flesh and the devil. R5003:6
Mourners in Zion, true saints in the nominal church, distressed at the worldliness therein. D30; R1441:2
Mourning, of itself, is not a grace, but it betokens an attitude of mind which is acceptable in the Lord's sight. R2585:6
Our Heavenly Father is not a continual mourner. The thought, rather, is Blessed are ye that mourn now. R2585:6
Because iniquity abounds. R2138:6*, 1493:6*
Not expecting that becoming his disciples would lift them out of trials, difficulties, sorrows, tears, but that such experiences would be overruled for their good. R4557:5
It was this mourning in sympathy that led to Jesus' tears at Lazarus' tomb; and to his being called "the man of sorrows and acquainted with grief." (Isa. 53:3) R3734:3
We can cultivate this grace by frequently thinking of others and their interests and seeking to enter into these as though they were all our own. R2586:1
"Ye shall weep and lament, but the world shall rejoice." (John 16:20) R1493:6*
They shall be comforted – The word comfort does not contain the thought of relief, but rather that of strengthened together, or added strength. R3734:4
Our Lord notes their tears as well as their efforts in opposition to sin. R2250:3
Their comforting will begin at once, for their mourning will bring a readiness of mind to hearken for the Lord's favor. R3734:2, 2586:1
Blessed are those who, being comforted themselves, shall be used of the Lord in the comforting of other members of his Body. R3734:5
In receiving the reward of the righteous, and in beholding the final triumph of righteousness and truth. R1493:6*
"Beauty for ashes and the oil of joy for mourning." (Isa. 61:3) D30
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| 5 Blessed the meek, for *they* shall inherit the earth.
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Are the meek – The Palace Library is Meekness. R5003:6
Submissive to the divine will. R2586:3
The teachable; not too proud to learn. R5003:6, 5186:1, 2586:1; Q469:2
Self-controlled, gentle, not easily provoked or irritated, forbearing under injury or annoyance. R3734:5,6
Meekness is necessary to learn valuable lessons in character-development, to be prepared to be the teachers of the world. R5003:6, 4557:3,6
"God resisteth the proud." (Jas. 4:6) E255
Impossible without the first two graces of a humble mind and the large sympathies of the mourner. R2586:2
The outward manifestation of the second grace, which is an inward quality. R2586:2
There is quite a difference between this gentle submission to the divine will and ordinary gentleness which is frequently exercised to gratify selfish desires. R2586:2
Any wise man may learn something from a child; but anyone who is not meek finds it difficult to learn anywhere. Q469:2
Not bold, grasping, ferocious, self-willed, getting the best of the earth and everybody in it, but submitting to injustice in the interests of the coming Kingdom. R4557:6, 3734:5
The blessed meek of verse 5 are the same class who, in verses 10 and 11, are bold and courageous enough to withstand evil and error and champion righteousness and truth. R1493:6*
It is a life work with many to conquer their too-high appreciation of themselves and to obtain the spirit of a sound mind as respects their own talents. E255
Nothing is more dangerous to the child of God than self-conceit; it hinders reformation of the heart, as well as true usefulness to others, and especially usefulness in God's service. R5186:1
For they – The seed of Abraham, members of Messiah. R5370:5, 5003:6, 4557:6
And not the selfish, avaricious and grasping. D633
Shall inherit the earth – Purchased, as well as man, by the great sacrifice finished at Calvary. R2250:3
The reward of this grace, like the others, is future. R2586:6
When God's Kingdom has come and his will is done on earth as it is in heaven. R3734:5
The Lord's followers now have more enjoyment of the earth than others; while others are grasping, they are enjoying. R3734:6, 2586:3
Losing houses, lands, parents, children and friends, eventually they will inherit the earth. R4557:6
Under the primary and original covenant, as the Seed of Abraham. As members of Messiah, these will come into the full possession and control of the earth. R5370:5, 5003:6
The Church of the Firstborn is soon to have the entire Inheritance, the land as well as the power, dominion, glory and honor. R1164:2,4
"I will give thee the heathen for thine inheritance; and the uttermost parts of the earth for a possession" (Psa. 2:8) as soon as the last member of the elect has been prepared. R2250:4
To bring it to becoming again a Paradise of God, a world-wide Eden. R4557:6
The overcomers of this age inherit it now by faith, and the overcomers of the next age will do so actually. R3734:6
During the Millennial age the meek of the restitution class shall inherit the earth. R3734:6
At the close of the Messianic reign, the meek will turn over their inheritance, the earth, to mankind. R5004:1, 2586:3
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| 6 Blessed they who hunger and thirst after righteousness, for *they* shall be filled.
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Blessed are they – Others are wholly unprepared to come to Jesus--such as those morally of a superior class who feel less the need of divine aid. NS121:1
Hunger and thirst – In a symbolic palace of blessedness the dining room is Hunger for Righteousness. R5004:1
"As the hart panteth after the water brook." (Psa. 42:1) R5163:6
The human heart, as well as the human body, has its appetites. NS119:3
Some of the soul's appetites are: (1) craving for sympathy and fellowship; (2) craving for ease and comfort; (3) craving for name and fame; (4) craving for pleasure. NS120:1
Uncontrolled by the other graces, has led many reformers into wild excesses; yet, under the control of a sound mind, the child of God waits for the fulfillment of his promises. R2586:5
The first step of justification does not admit to the Lord's table except as it prepares us for it. The second step is full consecration to the Lord. NS121:4
A heart condition of faith and teachableness; and, while exercising our reasonable faculties, we expect divine guidance. R4744:6
Nothing is more conducive to spiritual hunger than approach to the throne of grace. NS122:3
The hope inspired by God's promise to Abraham is the power which has taken the spiritual stone out of the mountain--the world. (Dan. 2:45) OV429:3
God allows us to get very hungry before he gives us the truth. CR54:3
Many of the Lord's people reach his table without having a very keen appetite--such are easily satisfied. NS121:6
Lovers of righteousness and haters of iniquity. R5004:1
Who desire more and stronger spiritual food that they may grow thereby. Milk is for babes, but strong meat is for those who have passed the infant stage. (Heb. 5:14) R1358:2
Manifested by the desire to draw near to God, which the Lord expects before he fulfills his promise that they shall be filled or satisfied. R2671:1
After righteousness – That which is right, truth. R4971:1, 3735:1
Wisdom, knowledge, understanding of the good and true. R3284:6
The satisfying portion--at the table of divine provision. OV260:3
The Scriptures assure us that "There is none righteous, no, not one" (Rom. 3:10). There is a relative righteousness, however, which God can approve. R5218:2
Righteous heart or character. R5901:3*
Righteousness is so interwoven with its various parts--justice and injustice, truth and error, holiness and sin--that whoever is careless in one element is deficient in all. NS123:2
Righteousness here applies to right in every matter--truth. R3735:1; NS120:4
New Year is a favorable time for heart reformation--not only because of the suggestions of new things, but also because of heart disappointments incidental to the holiday season. NS122:1
Seeking to be in harmony with Him to the best of their ability, and trusting in the precious blood of our Redeemer. R5218:2
With an antipathy to untruth in every form, and to all injustice and inequity; modified by the third grace, by patient submission to the divine will. R2586:5
So loving righteousness, truth, that they renounce and denounce bondage to creeds and stand forth for the truth. NS123:1
We find what we seek! Those who desire to find God's message will be guided of the Lord. Those who approach from the standpoint of cavil, unbelief, antagonism, are equally sure to find what they seek--flaws, contradictions, etc. R4971:1; HG473:6; Q643:2
They shall be filled – Made holy. R5901:3*
The truth on every subject necessary for us will be given as the Lord is pleased to reveal it. R5570:4, 4744:5, 5004:1
The very fact that we do not know everything, far from being a cause of disappointment, is a source of pleasure. Each fresh item of knowledge is a new well-spring of pleasure. NS742:3
Satisfied with the spiritual refreshment God provides; we shall be bountifully fed and sweetly refreshed with the "meat in due season" and the water of life. R1396:5, 3735:1, 1899:2, 4558:1
The water of life and truth which Christ has furnished satisfied as nothing else could do. Those who drink of it have no cravings for vain philosophies of men which make void the Word of God. R1703:4
Righteousness and truth are scarce commodities at the present time. R4558:1
There is nothing in unrighteousness to fill any man. There is a filling power in righteousness. NS122:5
The appetite for truth and righteousness will remain, but the prevalence of truth and righteousness shall be its satisfaction. R2586:5
Does not imply a miraculous filling. They will make use of their time, knowledge and opportunities for seeking the bread of eternal life which satisfies. R3735:1
Repeatedly filled as full as the present poor earthen vessel will contain. With the filling comes the enlargement of our capacities, and still further filling and a further enlargement, and so on. NS122:4
Satisfaction will not be attained fully in the present life; the believer progresses more and more to this satisfaction, receiving the full measure on the other side of the veil. R2671:1, 2586:6, 2250:5
Their own perfection in the first resurrection, and the establishment of righteousness in all the earth during the 1000 years of Messiah's reign. R5004:1
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| 7 Blessed the merciful, for *they* shall find mercy.
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The merciful – In a symbolic palace of blessedness the door is Mercy. R5004:1
Those who, having recognized their own need of divine mercy, are merciful and compassionate toward others. R5004:1, 3735:2
Only such could be entrusted with the works of restitution. R4558:1
A genuine mercy, a forgiving "from your hearts." (Matt. 18:35) R2587:1
God would rather have us err in the sense of being too lenient than have us be merely just. SM432:2
A genuine mercy and not a feigned one; it must cover from sight, and, as far as possible, blot from memory the failings and weaknesses of others. R2587:1
An outward expression, which men can discern, resulting from an appreciation of righteousness and a hunger and thirst for it in the renewed heart. R2586:6
It is for God to be just; it is for men to exercise the blessed characteristic of mercy, compassion, forgiveness. R2587:3
When Abraham requested mercy for Sodom (Gen. 18:23-32) the Lord was proved, in every case, to be no less just and no less generous than his servant. R3948:1
As applied to thought: it is better to be deceived a hundred times than to go through life soured by a suspicious mind. R4919:4
The unmerciful, evil-thinking mind is father to unmerciful conduct toward others. R4919:4
It is very unbecoming for those who themselves have need of divine mercy to be sticklers in the last degree in the requirement of justice for others. R3735:3
"Mercy rejoices against judgment"--against the execution of justice. (Jas. 2:13) R3735:2, 2587:2
Obtain mercy – Only the merciful shall obtain mercy: "If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses." (Matt. 6:15) R2587:1, 3803:1
The promise of mercy to the merciful is a principle of divine government, because the more generous and loving the heart, the nearer to the perfect condition. OV210:3
God will extend his mercy toward us as respects those deflections which are not willful. R2587:4
God will deal gently with them, forgiving their blemishes and weaknesses in proportion as they have this spirit of generosity, forgiveness, toward those who trespass against them. R3805:5
But the Lord declines to forgive our trespasses against his law unless we exercise this spirit toward our fellow-men. R4558:2
The strongest incentive towards as lenient a judgment of our fellow-men as circumstances will permit. R1493:6*
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| 8 Blessed the pure in heart, for *they* shall see God.
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The pure in heart – In a symbolic palace of blessedness the window through which we may see God is Purity of Heart. R5004:4
In his creation, man was made in the image of God, and so was originally pure in heart. R5148:3, 3735:3
We will be judged according to the purity of the heart, mind, intention, will. R4558:2
Those absolutely cleansed in will and spirit, and, as far as possible, in flesh and tongue. F409; R5389:3; SM335:1, 633:2; Q51:3
Loyalty to the principles of truth and righteousness, the principles of divine government; loyalty to God and our Lord Jesus Christ and members of his body. R4929:3
Purity of motive, of intention, of effort, of will; in the sense of transparency, of truthfulness; sincere, unsullied, without adulteration. R5148:3, 5004:4, 5264:5, 3735:3, 2587:3; Q51:4
So long as the motives of the new will are honorable, we have the assurance that we will ultimately reach perfection through obedience. R5149:2, 5756:3
If we fail to reach perfection of heart-development during the period of our trial, we shall die the second death. But this does not mean perfection of the flesh. R4400:6, 5902:1, 4558:3, 3735:5
To be pure-hearted means to be sincere and to utter nothing which we do not mean. NS673:6
The pure of heart are those whose intentions are pure, whose motives are pure, who desire the best--long for the best. Q51:4
Hence the importance of criticizing or judging our hearts, the necessity of purging from them everything rebellious and sinful. NS163:6
The Lord's judgment will be, not according to outward attainment, but according to inward attainment. NS593:4
We may be sure that the pure in heart, in intention and endeavor, will make considerable progress in overcoming the weaknesses of the flesh. NS654:4; SM335:1
Purity, charity, holiness of heart and mind belong to our consecration. R2015:4
The thought is not perfection of conduct, word or thought, but perfection of intention as respects all of these. R2587:5, 2250:6, 1739:2
The honest-hearted, those that have absolutely right intentions. R5148:3
A heart filled with the spirit of love will be sure to bestow it upon others. R4770:6
Maintain purity of heart by purity of mind. R5149:5
An evil mouth, a mouth which does injury to others, indicates an evil heart. R2444:1
They shall see God – Greek, horao, discern. R1494:1*
"Without holiness no man shall see the Lord." (Heb. 12:14) R2587:3, 1739:2
Such have the clearest views of God's character and plan now; and such shall see him shortly when changed in the first resurrection. R3735:6
Not only attain the character-likeness of the Lord Jesus, but eventually they shall be made like him and "see him as he is" in the first resurrection. (1 John 3:2) R5149:1, 2587:5
In the fullness of heavenly glory. CR393:2; R4929:3, 5004:4, 5958:3
Having no films of prejudice or vain philosophy before their eyes and no clouds between themselves and God. R1494:1*
A foretaste comes in the present life: to "comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth, and know the love of Christ." (Eph. 3:18) R2587:6
Where God sees the heart pure and true to him and to his spirit and law of love, he will, in due time, give the new body suited to it. F409
In his Word and his plan, in his mighty works, in nature, in the secret closet communions, in his providences. R1739:3
Only such as attain to heart purity can hope ever to see God, to enjoy this evidence of his love. R3735:5
The Church of Christ, begotten of the holy Spirit, may see him with the eyes of their understanding in a sense in which the ancient worthies could not. R5149:5
Those who have a double mind, a double will, also have a double vision, a double eye. They see spiritual things cross-eyed, double, and proportionately indistinctly. R2587:6
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| 9 Blessed the peace-makers, for *they* shall be called sons of God.
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The peacemakers – In a symbolic palace of blessednes the parlor is represented by the characteristics of a Peacemaker. R5004:4
Addressed to the consecrated, Jesus' disciples. SM452:1, 456:2
Purity of heart toward God manifests itself in peaceable desires and efforts to promote peace in others. R2588:1
To be a peace-maker, one must first be a peace-lover. R2251:2
Peacemaking is chiefly done with the tongue, though it may also operate through the eye. R2588:2
The Lord's people are to sympathize with all and join with none in the warring world. R5767:4
We may avoid denunciation of things we cannot endorse, especially things having no bearing on the Lord's Word. What God sees fit to permit, we can see fit to endure. R4978:6, 2621:6, 4558:4, 2948:6
Not mischief-makers, strife-breeders, lawless. R4558:4
Taking opportunity to help others. R5004:4
We should seek to subdue and calm the passions of men in the coming strife. OV287:2
The great majority of those who have named the name of Christ, even if their hearts are pure and their sympathies large, pursue a reverse course. Even some of the true saints use their tongues to stir up strife. R2588:1, 2[R2588] 3736:1
With perverse natural dispositions, it may require considerable time and practice to learn and love the path which leads to peace amongst God's people. R2251:1
Not peace at any price, otherwise our Lord and the faithful body might not have suffered. R2251:1
There are times where "backbone" is necessary, when principle is involved, and when retreat would be absolutely wrong; but these cases are rare. Undoubtedly we can often yield as Isaac did with Abimelech. (Gen. 26:12-25) R3593:6
Combativeness, exercised toward fellow creatures, must be modified by mercy; it must be trained to fight for truth and against error, but not against the ignorant servants of the error. R2588:4
Fighting against the imperfections and weaknesses of our own natures will leave comparatively little time for assaulting others. R2588:4
If we think the majority less wise than we, let us learn patience and wait, as the Lord does, until they learn the error of their course and amend it. R4772:6
We are never to use the sword, earthly power, in seeking to promote the cause of the Master. R3888:1
Children of God – They have God's spirit. The likeness of his dear Son has been traced in their hearts. R2588:3
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| 10 Blessed they who are persecuted on account of righteousness, for *theirs* is the kingdom of the heavens.
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Blessed are they – To be worthy of this blessing means to develop and possess a character which the enemies of righteousness would deem worthy of persecution. R4866:4
It is not until the Lord's people have experienced the preceding blessings of his grace that they reach the point where they can "glory in tribulation also." (Rom. 5:3) R2588:4
Which are persecuted – In a symbolic palace of blessedness the kitchen represents the trials and difficulties incidental to the rounding out of character and proper nourishment and upbuilding spiritually. R5004:4
Not only in severe persecutions, but also in the lesser ones, when our names are cast out as evil, "when men shall separate you from their company." (Luke 6:22) R3617:4
The Lord is looking for those who are so faithful to the principles of righteousness that they will exercise it toward their enemies even when persecuted by them. R3736:3
For righteousness' sake – Not for fault-finding and general cantankerousness. R2588:5
For the sake of truth in obedience to the heavenly calling. R4637:1
Peter, John, Paul and Silas, with backs bleeding and feet fast in the stocks, sang praises to God for the privileges they enjoyed of suffering with Christ. R4866:1
"If any man suffer as a Christian, let him not be ashamed, but let him glorify God." (1 Pet. 4:16) R3736:2, 4558:4, 4326:4, 2251:4
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| 11 Blessed are ye when they may reproach and persecute you, and say every wicked thing against you, lying, for my sake.
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Blessed are ye, when – Addressed to his disciples, all his followers throughout this age. R5544:2
As a result of making the Gospel your all- absorbing theme of life. A347; R5544:3
From the moment of our positive standing up for the Lord and his cause we become stronger in the Lord. R4814:1
"Blessed are ye" signifies that persecution is a favor from God. R5544:2
His followers must take up their cross if they would follow him. Through much tribulation they must enter the Kingdom. (Matt. 16:24; Acts 14:22) NS71:2
We should not court it, but should desire this evidence of our faithfulness. R5544:3
Whoever will faithfully exercise his ambassadorship, and not shun to declare the whole counsel of God, will speedily know something of the sufferings of Christ. E490
Increase the sacrifice daily and you increase the proof daily that you are his; and such as are his he gathers. R581:3
When God gives quietness, none can make trouble. (Job 34:29) R5879:2
Men shall revile you – Thinking you carry matters to an extreme, are too conscientious, give too much time to religious matters, and run not with them to the same excesses as formerly. NS337:2, 605:2
Followers of him who "when reviled, reviled not again." R3736:3
"Ye shall be hated of all men for my sake." (Matt. 10:22) E490
God permitted his Son to be reviled to demonstrate the kind of character that was pleasing to him, and he wished to test the loyalty of Jesus himself. R5545:5
The chief opposition to our Lord came from the religious leaders and professors; so also with his followers. R4814:1, 4326:2; OV357:1
If, under the pressure, they yield and revile in return, and slander and backbite, they are proving themselves unworthy of a place in the Kingdom. R3736:5
And persecute you – "Whosoever will live godly shall suffer persecution." (2 Tim. 3:12) F464
Pictured by the bitter herbs of the Passover. F464; NS75:5
The faithful followers of the Lord will be unsympathetically viewed, hated and persecuted; for the presentations of truth make manifest errors and hypocrisies. R4814:4, 4558:4, 4557:5,6
Such trials and difficulties are for the rounding out of character and for nourishing and upbuilding spiritually. R5004:4, 4326:1
Such experiences, overruled for good, serve to test faithfulness and trust; and the joys of the Kingdom, gained through much tribulation, will more than compensate for every tear and sorrow. R4557:5
Should be endured faithfully, calmly, rejoicingly. R4558:4
During the present life the Kingdom of heaven, the true Church of Christ, suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force. (Matt. 11:12) CR493:4
Things may seem to be going contrary to your welfare, to be working out incalculable harm--but have faith. R2699:4
Persecution implies that the person persecuted possessed qualities that are feared; that the persecutor realizes his own weakness to meet the arguments in a more rational way; that either the persecutors are weak or the arguments of the persecuted are strong. R4865:2
Persecution will come to those who have the courage of their conviction. R5547:1
All who have walked the narrow way have received persecution--the Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians--in their early day, because they had more light than others. R5546:6
It is safe to say that the persecutors are always wrong, even if we cannot say that the persecuted are always right. R4865:2
Sometimes this comes from those who were once brethren in the truth; those who once dipped with us in the dish of divine nourishment at the table of the Lord. R4326:4
And shall say – Our Lord seems to have taken more notice of the evil-speaking that would come upon his people than of the physical sufferings. R2295:4
All manner of evil – The call is to ignominy now. R4841:6, 4637:1, 5145:2
Boycotted socially, boycotted in business, slandered in every conceivable manner, and often by those of whom they had least expected it. R2496:2
Their object in this course is to undermine by prejudice what they fail to meet by fair reasoning and Scripture. R1192:3
Our opposers do not try to show wherein we have retrograded in life and action, but put forth all their efforts to show what a fearful thing it is to leave the church. R2142:4*
Those who would say all manner of evil falsely, knowing the charges are false, are the very kind who would crucify or burn at the stake, had they the power. R5545:2
"Woe unto you when all men speak well of you; for so did their fathers unto the false prophets." (Luke 6:26) R5546:1
Falsely – We should not be surprised at false charges and false insinuations against the faithful. R5173:1, 5294:5
Ignorance rather than malevolence is at the foundation of opposition to the truth. R5145:3
Falsely accused of "fanaticism" because the wisdom of God is oft esteemed foolishness with men. R2588:5
And yet take it patiently as did the Master, continuing faithful to the Lord and his cause at any cost. E191
For my sake – Not for error, but for the truth; not for sects, but for Christ. R785:4
"Your brethren that hated you, that cast you out for my name's sake, said, Let the Lord be glorified" (we do this for the Lord's glory). (Isa. 66:5) C182
His followers would be highly esteemed among the nominally religious were it not for their loyalty to the Word of God. Because of faithfully pointing out popular errors and their fidelity to the truth, they are hated by those prominent in Churchianity. R5173:1, 3736:4
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| 12 Rejoice and exult, for your reward is great in the heavens; for thus have they persecuted the prophets who were before you.
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Rejoice – Possible only when we understand that in these trying experiences there is a glorious purpose. R5495:6, 4558:5, 5545:2, 5893:6
Great is your reward – What we do not get here of prosperity we shall get there, in the Kingdom. R5545:3
The measure of self-sacrifice and sufferings for Christ, endured by each of the consecrated, becomes a measure of the faithfulness of each as ambassadors. E490
There will be some least and some greater in the Kingdom of heaven. R1973:5
He that is not willing to have the Kingdom at such a cost is not worthy of the Kingdom. R4637:1
In heaven – In spiritual things, not in temporal matters. R3223:2
And it is this heavenly reward for which you have been called and for which you have entered the race. R2699:4
The rewards of Christ's discipleship were not to be expected in the present life. All that we may now have is the peace and blessing of the Lord in our hearts, with glorious hopes for the future. NS602:4
So persecuted they the prophets – And our Lord and the apostles. Being thus in good company in our experiences, we shall be in like good company when the Lord makes up his jewels. R2588:6
Which were before you – We have reason to believe that the Master would fare no better in the world today than at his first advent, were he to appear as then. Q752:2
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| 13 *Ye* are the salt of the earth; but if the salt have become insipid, wherewith shall it be salted? It is no longer fit for anything but to be cast out and to be trodden under foot by men.
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Ye are – Even now. R2099:3*, 2073:2*
The salt of the earth – Jesus and his higher law of love, in his own life and in that of his followers. R3736:5
A healthful, cleansing, preserving element in the midst of a world of moral decay and sinful pollution. R2073:2*, 1494:2*
The Christian has a special purpose in the world--to be a preservative power, to have antiseptic qualities, and to draw out all the good qualities of those with whom he is connected. R5426:5
Exerting an influence and power among men of a preservative kind, delaying, if not arresting, degrading tendencies. R4558:5
The preservative influence of God's people affects not only themselves, but spreads over a considerable space around them. R3736:6
A symbol of faithfulness and loyalty, and signifies a purifying and preservative quality that is a detriment to corruption. Q618:1; R5426:5, 5173:2, 4558:5, 634:1*
As a savory article of diet, it symbolized hospitality; as an antiseptic, it signified durability, fidelity, purity; as a preservative, it is a symbol of an enduring compact. R2099:2*, 84:6*
Saltness from the Savior's teachings has a wide influence upon the world. Without it, corruption and a complete collapse would have come long ago. R5173:3
Civilization is merely the arrest of those elements of decay which are at work in the human family, a preserving or salting of the good qualities which have not yet become extinct. R634:3*
After the taking away of the salt class, putrefaction and disintegration will speedily follow. R4706:6, 5173:3, 3737:1, 2745:1; Q618:1
It will be in and through the glorified Salt of the Earth that the blessing will come, the stream of truth for human refreshment for 1000 years. (2 Kings 2:19-22) R5780:2
Have lost his savour – That which constitutes the saints the salt of the earth is the fact that they have been salted with the truth. R634:5*
"Have salt [purity, righteousness] in yourselves" (Mark 9:50). If we have not the salt in ourselves, how can we be the salt of the earth? R2099:5*
How important that we not only have salt in ourselves, but that we continue to retain its healthful properties! R2099:5*
Good for nothing – Absolutely useless except for its intended purpose. R5426:5, 4558:5
"Unto every good work worthless." (Tit. 1:16) R2517:3
Jesus made no attempt at a reformation of the apostate Jewish church. R778:1*
But to be cast out – If we lose the holy Spirit, there is no way by which we could be renewed again. Q618:1
May picture the rejection of the nominal church systems. R778:4*
Castaways from divine favor. R2073:3*
Trodden under foot – Destroyed. R634:6*
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| 14 *Ye* are the light of the world: a city situated on the top of a mountain cannot be hid.
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Ye are the light – Greek, phos. The same word applied to our Lord. R2409:2
Synonym for truth and righteousness. R5038:1
The Lord was addressing the apostles in particular, and all "overcomers" of that time. R4992:3, 4746:2
You are now so illuminated by the truth that you yourself have become a living representative of it. R3243:2, 5129:2
By his spirit in us. CR313:1; R375:3
The Lord's light shone into a little corner of the world called Palestine, and from his lamp many followers have lighted their lamps. R3686:2, 627:2*
It is the light of God's truth, shining in our hearts, which shines out upon the world. E293
The light will become brighter in proportion to our realization of our own imperfections to the degree of our consecration to the Lord. R5129:3
The Church is now enabled to declare to the world the presence of Christ, the changes impending, and the wisest course to pursue. B141, B142
Light-bearers for the benefit of others--burning and shining lights, sympathetic and helpful lights. CR126:1
As children of the light, every day and year will see progress; their light will be shining more and more clearly and accomplishing the greatest good. R4189:6
Christian fellowship is thought to be one of the very best aids to maintaining the light of the Spirit. R5129:6
Although not yet as the sun, nevertheless luminous even now, and their light may shine within a smaller radius for the blessing of all who will receive it. R2099:6*
It would require the light of the Sun of Righteousness, Christ and the Church in glory, to enlighten the whole world. R5769:3
Continuing to shine in the world in the midst of darkness until the predicted night would come when the world that has loved darkness shall be overwhelmed by it. R1774:1
It is the light which shines from the true Christian which reproves, condemns and opposes the darkness of this world. E293; R375:2
If we neglect the privilege of prayer, of study, or of fellowship with the Lord through failure to think of him, the illumination of the Spirit will grow dim. R5129:3
But if we should be seduced into worldliness by the spirit of the world, our light would be quenched or extinguished. E264; R371:6
Neither the philosophies of men nor their moral sentiments are light. The true light cometh down from above and only those begotten of the Spirit of the Lord have that light. R5099:6
Of the world – Not directly, but by a reflex light--through those who possess it--the spirit operates upon, but not in, the world. R375:3; E293
Whatever light the world gets reaches them indirectly, as reflected from the children of God. R3646:3
Civilization is simply the indirect result of the measures of salt and light that have been in the world up to this present time. R2100:1*
Without the Gospel light shining from Jesus and his followers, the corruption of Christendom would be even worse than it is. When the lights have all been extinguished, the great time of trouble will follow. R3736:6, 3737:1, 1774:1
A city – The Church as a whole. R4558:5
The New Jerusalem. R1494:5*, 1185:5, 421:6, 338:5
Set on a hill – The Kingdom. R1494:5*
"Established in the tops of the mountains... exalted above the hills, and all nations shall flow into it." (Isa. 2:2) R421:6, 338:5
Cannot be hid – Its glory shall lighten the whole world. R1494:5*, 421:6*
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| 15 Nor do men light a lamp and put it under the bushel, but upon the lamp-stand, and it shines for all who are in the house.
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Light a candle – The candle light the saints are holding up in the world is powerless to overcome the great mass of darkness. God, in his due time, will dispel the darkness of night by causing the sun of righteousness to arise with healing in its beams. (Mal. 4:2) NS88:3, 4
He will test us and prove whether we are worthy to shine forth as the sun, enlightening the whole world in a manner with which our little lamps of the present time will in no sense compare. R3737:4
Under a bushel – Its light would become extinguished. If light does not shine out, it will soon die out. R4558:6
By covering his light, one demonstrates lack of courage, of appreciation, of earnestness. R4967:5
We should not say, "We know not the man Jesus." He will withdraw the light from such a one. R4993:1, 4558:5
On a candlestick – In a position where it may dispel as much as possible of the darkness of this world. R2099:6*
It giveth light – The light is conspicuous because the darkness is general. R4993:2
Though the darkness recognizes the reproof of its presence, it comprehends it not. R375:4
In the house – Our lights are to shine in the "household of faith." SM241:2; R5769:3, 4558:6, 4305:1, 4189:6
So that our own family, our own household, our neighbors, may see it burning. R4993:1
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| 16 Let your light thus shine before men, so that they may see your upright works, and glorify your Father who is in the heavens.
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Let your light – Of the holy Spirit; its influence is Christianizing, civilizing, uplifting, and produces a regard for right and a respect for God. R4992:3, 4993:4
Not merely the message upon our lips, but also the influence which emanates from our daily lives. R4330:5, 4675:6, 4460:5
It is the duty of every child of God to be very active in the dissemination of the truth. R3243:3
The illumination comes, not only through the truth, but also through the begetting of the holy Spirit. R4746:2
The darkness "hateth the light." (John 3:19,20) R3686:2
So shine – For the benefit of others, that they may discern what is the right doctrine. R4967:4, 4746:5, 4675:6
That the spirit of devotion pervade every family, every household, including the servants. R2989:3
Flash forth the truth into every nook and corner where dark creeds and black theories have so long lain. R825:6
In proportion as the true followers of Jesus have kept their lamps trimmed and burning, a measure of enlightenment has spread throughout the world. R3686:3
All men who are directly or indirectly in contact with these lights of the world have blessings in proportion to their preparation for them. NS294:2
That they may see – That all those intimately associated with the body of Christ may be able to take knowledge of them, that they have been with Jesus. R4746:5
This text is not in conflict with that which says we are not to let our left hand know what our right hand does, not to do our good deeds to be seen of men. (Matt. 6:1-3) R4993:2
Your good works – In accord with the Master's teachings. SM183:T; R4558:5, 4967:4; CR126:1
Your likeness to the character of the Lord. R4558:6
In our daily lives. R4967:4
Our daily walk and conversation in all the little things of life. R1464:2*
Will be a reproof on the sins of the world without one word being uttered on the subject. OV155:3; R4746:5
Not carrying our Bibles in an ostentatious manner, but we are exhorted to show forth in our daily lives the lessons we learn from its precious pages. CR126:1
Whether they account for these works properly or evilly. R4746:5
Of some our Lord said that they confess with their mouths, but deny with their lives. Our whole lives are to be in conformity with the professions we are making. R4993:1
Glorify your Father – By honoring the principles of righteousness as they see them exemplified in God's peculiar people. Recognizing that these are of God, that theirs is the ideal life, they glorify God. R4993:3
Some who see our good works will glorify God in the day of visitation even though they do not become followers now. R4746:6
This shining will have an effect upon the world, reproving mankind and setting before them an example of better living, better thinking. R5057:2
"In the day of their visitation." (1 Pet. 2:12) SM153:1
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| 17 Think not that I am come to make void the law or the prophets; I am not come to make void, but to fulfil.
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Think not – Jesus and his apostles expounded the harmony between Christianity and Judaism. R5006:2
To destroy the law – The Jews reasoned that by promising a class everlasting life, even though they were unable to keep the Mosaic Law, was a setting aside of the Law, making void all the prophets. R5006:3,5,6
Moses' Law, the divine law given to Israel. R5006:2
We, under the new dispensation, are under the same Law, but with a higher definition, or explanation . R4226:4
Or the prophets – The prophecies of selecting a priestly class are now in process of fulfillment; neither the Law nor the prophets are being ignored. R5007:1
But to fulfil – Jesus was a Jew, and obligated to every feature of the Law. R4703:1
Jesus has been fulfilling the Law during the past 1800 years, as well as during his ministry. R5165:2
He fulfilled the Law Covenant--met all its requirements, and obtained its reward, life. That fulfilled it, for that was the end for which it was given. R1732:6
Only a perfect man could meet its conditions, thus proving that Christ's perfection was not altered by the fact that his mother was imperfect. R777:1
But he no more fulfilled all the Law than he did all the prophecies. He fulfilled all connected with the sacrifice, and nothing connected with the Kingdom. HG55:6
Jesus will continue the fulfillment of the types of the law during the thousand years, until all is fulfilled at the close of the Millennial age. R5165:2
The Gospel of Jesus magnifies the Jewish Law by admitting its righteousness, its reasonableness, and by admitting that the full fault is with humanity. R5006:3
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| 18 For verily I say unto you, Until the heaven and the earth pass away, one iota or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law till all come to pass.
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One jot – One iota, the smallest letter in the Greek alphabet. R52:3*
Realizing God's care in making the shadow should not only give us confidence in its correctness, but lead us to examine closely for the meaning of those shadows. T12
One tittle – Fine point of a letter. The holy Spirit inspired, in many cases, the exact phraseology. R52:2*
Every good promise of the holy Scriptures will surely have fulfillment. OV129:1
In no wise pass from the law – The Law stands exactly as it was given, and applies only to those to whom it was given. R970:2
The strictness with which the Jews were obliged to obey the Law indicates the amount of reliance which can be placed on its numerous sacrifices and observances. R72:1; B174
The typical sacrifices continued until Christ died, for Jesus himself was under the law, a part of which he fulfilled. R5163:3
Note the remarkable similarity with 2 Cor. 3:11. (R.V.) HG584:3*
Till – Our Savior did not say the Law should not pass away, but that it should not pass away until it was fulfilled. But he came to fulfill it, so if it was fulfilled in him, it has passed away. HG582:3*
The observance of all types must be kept up until their fulfillment at least began; for the keeping of a type is not the fulfillment of it. The fulfillment is reached when the type ceases, being replaced by the reality, the antitype. B174; HG55:5
All be fulfilled – The Law was neither altered nor amended, but fulfilled and set aside, abolished by our Redeemer. R970:2
Referring not only to its covenant obligations, but that all the blessings expressed in it typically would also be sure of fulfillment on an antitypical scale. B174
Including the great Times of Restitution, typified by the Jubilee year. B173, B187; HG55:2
Then the ceremonial, or typical, features of the Law will pass away. R1527:3
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| 19 Whosoever then shall do away with one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of the heavens; but whosoever shall practise and teach them, *he* shall be called great in the kingdom of the heavens.
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Whosoever – In the Church class. Q423:1
Shall break – If any of the followers of Jesus should violate the Ten Commandments and teach men to do so, it would manifestly be done through ignorance and misunderstanding, marking such as one of the least in the Kingdom, unfit for a position of prominence in the service of the Church. R5007:2
Shall make little of any commandment of God. Q423:1
Whoever will go contrary to God's arrangements or will in any respect, we should thereby consider him less. Q423:1
Of these commandments – The divine law is briefly summed up: "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart...And thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." (Deut. 6:5; Lev. 19:18; Matt. 22:37-39) R5359:6
The Ten Commandments are but the outer shell, as it were, of deeper sentiments. R5360:1
In other words, we understand the Master to be teaching that the Gospel is not out of sympathy with the Jewish Law. R5359:6, 1730:5
The new hope of Gentile Christians does not abrogate God's law, nor does it release them from the obligations of his law; but our imperfections are covered by Christ's merit. R5359:3
Shall teach men so – By example or precept, what is not in fullest accord with the divine plan. F258; R5359:5
It is a responsible thing to be the mouthpiece of God, to make sure that not a word is uttered which would misrepresent the divine character and plan. F258; R2156:3, 1475:3
Those who hold and teach a measure of error when it was their privilege to have clear truth shall be called least in the Kingdom of heaven. R3243:6
"Be not many teachers." (Jas. 3:1, Revised Version) R2156:2
Shall be called the least – Receive a lower position. F258; R5007:2, 5359:3
In the kingdom of heaven – In the Church, the incipient Kingdom, the embryotic Kingdom. R5359:5
But whosoever – Our Lord Jesus himself. R1730:5, 5359:5
Shall do – Those who would keep the divine law most perfectly in heart and life would be most nearly copies of God's dear Son. R5359:5
"Love is the fulfilling of the law." (Rom. 13:10) R5359:6
And teach – The Christian must study the Law, but he studies it as a shadow of better things, as typical of the blessings promised under the greater than Moses--Christ. HG582:5
Look out amongst you those who are walking the most in the footsteps of Jesus if you want to elect elder brothers and deacons in the Church. Q423:1
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Shall break one of these least commandments – Rotherham translates this as: "shall relax one of these commandments, the least.." |
| 20 For I say unto you, that unless your righteousness surpass that of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no wise enter into the kingdom of the heavens.
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Shall exceed – To be accepted, his followers must be nearer right in heart, have more of the spirit of the divine law, than the Pharisees. R5007:4
The Church's covenant means more than merely the observance of the Law; it is a covenant to sacrifice; and justice, the divine law, could not demand sacrifice. R5006:6
Of the scribes – They had the whole Law of God and claimed to believe and teach it; but they distorted it by their traditions and their ignoble, though whitewashed, characters. R3243:5
They were particular respecting the little requirements of the Law, but were careless respecting the spirit of love. This, Jesus termed hypocrisy. R5007:4
In no case enter into the Kingdom of heaven – Not be fit for the begetting at Pentecost. We must distinguish between the embryo Kingdom at Pentecost and the glorious Kingdom of the first resurrection. R5007:4, 4559:2
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| 21 Ye have heard that it was said to the ancients, Thou shalt not kill; but whosoever shall kill shall be subject to the judgment.
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In danger of – Amenable to. R2601:5
The judgment – The judges. R2601:5, 4558:6
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| 22 But *I* say unto you, that every one that is lightly angry with his brother shall be subject to the judgment; but whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be subject to be called before the sanhedrim; but whosoever shall say, Fool, shall be subject to the penalty of the hell of fire.
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But I say – Jesus, who understands the perfection of God's law, and how fully it will be defined and enforced in the Millennium. R2602:1
That the thoughts are to be considered as well as the deeds. HG304:3
Whosoever is angry – Thereby disobeying the spirit of the command, Thou shalt not kill. R2601:6
In the heart, unexpressed. R4558:6
Hatred is murder, slander is assassination, and the destruction of a neighbor's good name is robbery and rapine. R2444:6
For one of the Lord's consecrated people to be even slightly angry would be a serious matter. R5007:4
Without a cause – Malicious anger and vituperation shall be considered a violation of God's law under the New Covenant. R2601:6, 2249:2
Shall be – Under the regulations of the Millennial Kingdom. R2601:5
In danger of – Amenable to. R2601:5
As a violator of the Law, whose violation forfeited all right to life under the Jewish Covenant. HG304:3
Because the spirit of anger is that which, unrestrained, would lead to murder. R3254:1
The judgment – The judges; a court of seven (some say 23) men, empowered to judge some classes of crimes. R2601:5
"I will restore thy judges as at the first." (Isa. 1:26) A294
His brother, Raca – Villain. R2601:5
Blockhead. R4558:6
A slander is a thief according to worldly standards, stealing one's good name; according to Christian standards, still higher, slanderers are murderers. Thus the very suggestion of slander is to be shunned as of the spirit of Satan. (John 8:44) R3595:4
Of the council – The High Council or Sanhedrin, of 71 men, the highest court of the Jews, for the gravest offenses; typical of the judges of the Millennial Kingdom. R2601:5, 4558:6
Thou fool – A moral degenerate. R4558:6
Apostate wretch. HG304:4
If, aside from the Bible, one reaches a conclusion that another considers wholly illogical, neither should he think nor speak of the other as a fool, but should remember that all present knowledge is incomplete and our reasoning faculties at present imperfect. R1815:4
Danger of hell fire – Of Gehenna fire. By the aid of brimstone, the bodies of specially detestable criminals were burned with the other refuse of Jerusalem in the valley of Hinnom, or Gehenna, adjoining the city. A living thing was never cast into Gehenna. The Jews were forbidden to torture any creature; thus Gehenna typified the Second Death. R2601:2-6, 5007:4, 4558:6; OV362:6; HG304:1; NS840:1
Dead bodies were cast into this valley with the filth of the city, for, in their estimation, they had no hope of a resurrection--a tomb being to them an emblem of a resurrection. HG304:3
The destruction of the body in Gehenna after death, figuratively, implied the loss of the hope of future life by a resurrection. R2601:6
The object of this burning in Gehenna was to make the crime and the criminal detestable in the eyes of the people, and signified that the culprit was a hopeless case. R2601:6
If one were angry enough to call a brother Christian "a fool" it would imply that he were in serious danger of the second death--Gehenna. R5007:4
An antitypical Gehenna outside the New Jerusalem for the offal and trash of humanity who will refuse all of God's favors, the Second Death. NS841:2
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Without a cause – These words are not found in the oldest Greek MSS. This makes our Lord's words even more searching. This then suggests that if we are angry with our brother, even if there be a legitimate cause, we are placing ourselves in danger.
Raca – Worthless one.G4469
ῥακά
rhaka
rhak-ah'
Of Chaldee origin (compare [H7386]); O empty one, that is, thou worthless (as a term of utter vilification): - Raca. |
| 23 If therefore thou shouldest offer thy gift at the altar, and there shouldest remember that thy brother has something against thee,
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Gift to the altar – Anything to offer to the Lord, of service, worship or thanks. R4077:5, 5938:6
Aught against thee – It should be noted that the one addressed is not the brother trespassed against, but the trespassing brother. R1694:6
That someone has been wronged by you in thought, word or deed. R4077:5, 5939:1
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Therefore – Because, as just described, the standard is not what you do outwardly but rather what is in your heart (Prov. 23:7) .. |
| 24 leave there thy gift before the altar, and first go, be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.
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Leave there thy gift – Do not think that it will be acceptable to God while in your hearts, or outwardly, you are practicing injustice toward others. R5939:1, 5007:4, 4559:1, 4077:5
Be reconciled to – Make amends to; apologize in full. R1694:5, 5939:1
Every moment of delay endangers your spiritual standing with the Lord. R5007:5
Thy brother – Explanations in full of whatever wrong you have done him. R4077:6
And offer thy gift – Assured that in such an attitude of heart the Lord will be pleased to accept your offering. R4077:6, 5939:1
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| 25 Make friends with thine adverse party quickly, whilst thou art in the way with him; lest some time the adverse party deliver thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison.
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Agree with – Appeal for mercy from. R1713:2
Admit that you have come short of the righteous requirements of the divine law. R1713:3, 4559:2
Thine adversary – Israel's Law Covenant was really their adversary and condemned them all. R4559:1, 1713:1
Only the few agreed with the Law adversary. (John 1:12) R4559:2
The divine Law, which condemns all to death. R1713:3
Quickly – Before final sentence is pronounced. R1713:2
Whiles thou – The Jewish people. R1713:2
In the way with him – While the offer of mercy is made to you as a nation, through faith in Christ. R1713:3
To get free from that Law obligation, a Jew would have to confess his shortcomings and accept the sacrifice of Christ. R4559:2
Lest at any time – Those who did plea for mercy received Christ as the sent of God, the deliverer from the condemnation of their Law Covenant. R1713:2
The adversary – The Law, the demands of which you fail to meet, though you claim to meet them. R1713:4
To the officer – To some power that will execute the penalty. R1713:4
Thou be cast into prison – A position of disfavor. R1713:4
Nationally. Wrath came upon that people to the uttermost. R4559:2
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| 26 Verily I say to thee, Thou shalt in no wise come out thence till thou hast paid the last farthing.
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Uttermost farthing – The forfeiture of the chief blessing at first offered exclusively to the Jew. R1713:4
They were blinded and cast off from divine favor for a "double." R1713:2
By the end of the Millennium, Israel will have paid. R4559:2
If we have wronged a brother and not made it right, we will be obliged to suffer the full penalty of our neglect. R5007:5
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| 27 Ye have heard that it has been said, Thou shalt not commit adultery.
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| 28 But *I* say unto you, that every one who looks upon a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
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To lust after her – Reckoning the intention for the act. R518:4*
To desire to do wrong and merely be hindered by circumstances, is in God's sight as serious, as criminal, as to have really done that wrong. R4020:4, 3254:1, 1726:5, 971:3
It is not only for the actual transgression that men die, but it is for the disposition to transgress. The inherited taint renders them unfit to live because with such a nature they cannot keep God's law. R527:2*
Hath committed adultery – And he who loves and serves money and spends time and talent for it, more than in God's service, is an idolater. R971:3
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| 29 But if thy right eye be a snare to thee, pluck it out and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members perish, and not thy whole body be cast into hell.
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If thy right eye – A depraved desire as dear as the right eye. R2602:1
Pluck it out – Gladly part with a pleasure or habit contrary to God's law, though it be as precious as a right eye or a right hand. HG304:5
Be cast into hell – Greek, gehenna, utter destruction, the Second Death. R2601:3, 2602:3
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| 30 And if thy right hand be a snare to thee, cut it off and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members perish, and not thy whole body be cast into hell.
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If thy right hand – A depraved desire as dear as a right hand. R2602:1
Be cast into hell – Utter destruction, as brute beasts. (2 Pet. 2:12) R2602:2; NS841:4
As the literal Gehenna was not a place of torment or grief, but represented utter destruction and hopelessness of those already dead who were cast into it, so must its antitype teach the same lesson. HG304:5
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| 31 It has been said too, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a letter of divorce.
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| 32 But *I* say unto you, that whosoever shall put away his wife, except for cause of fornication, makes her commit adultery, and whosoever marries one that is put away commits adultery.
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| 33 Again, ye have heard that it has been said to the ancients, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt render to the Lord what thou hast sworn.
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By them of old time – The traditions of the ancients. The fact that a matter is ancient is no positive proof of its correctness. R3737:2
Not forswear thyself – The Law had something to say respecting the taking of God's name in vain, and tradition had modified the law and limited it to false swearing. R3737:3
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| 34 But *I* say unto you, Do not swear at all; neither by the heaven, because it is the throne of God;
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Swear not at all – The use of oaths and expletives implies that the simple statement of the user is not to be believed. Nothing in this would prohibit the taking of an oath or affirmation in court. R3737:5, 5020:2
The fact that one swears what he says is true implies that he does not expect his hearer to believe his simple word, and this in turn presupposes that his word ordinarily is not worthy of belief. R5020:3, 3737:5
Wherever oaths of secrecy are demanded it is safe for God's people to touch not, taste not, handle not--except as oaths are prescribed by public law. R1827:6
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| 35 nor by the earth, because it is the footstool of his feet; nor by Jerusalem, because it is the city of the great King.
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Neither by Jerusalem – Which will probably become the capital of the world. A295
Of the great king – Jehovah. "His feet shall stand in that day upon the Mount of Olives." (Zech. 14:4) D647
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| 36 Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black.
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| 37 But let your word be Yea, yea; Nay, nay; but what is more than these is from evil.
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Yea, yea; Nay, nay – Tell the truth! Be so truthful in all that you say that it will be unnecessary to swear to its truthfulness. R5020:3
Neither overstate nor understate the truth. R5020:3
Cometh of evil – Of the Evil One. R3737:6
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| 38 Ye have heard that it has been said, Eye for eye and tooth for tooth.
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An eye for an eye – Exacting justice of your imperfect fellows encourages an improper spirit in your own heart. R4559:3
Tooth for a tooth – This law of absolute justice prevailed amongst the Jews, Romans and Greeks, and in some respects was more just than modern laws which enable the wealthy to escape by payment of fines. R3738:1
The way Israel applied this resulted in hardness of heart, a pitiless and merciless attitude. R4559:2
Strong characters to whom the truth appeals are inclined to carry out the law of Moses, but we must remember that it is not the time for us to judge and discipline the world. R5644:5
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| 39 But *I* say unto you, not to resist evil; but whoever shall strike thee on thy right cheek, turn to him also the other;
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But I say unto you – Pointing to the more excellent way--love. (1 Cor. 12:31) R4559:2
Resist not evil – Do not retaliate. R3738:1, 5898:4
The Church is called out of the world. They are to follow in the footsteps of Jesus. They are to suffer injustice. Jesus gave himself up to suffer for the unjust. R5897:2
As followers of Jesus, we, like him, resign our rights rather than try to get them. To a certain extent we are to permit ourselves to be imposed upon. R5897:3,5
The other also – In the indirect sense of not opposing the law; or, if smitten illegally, as were Jesus and Paul, by kindly expostulating with the evil-doer, for his own good. R2470:1, 3738:2, 4559:4
Our Lord, when unjustly sentenced, inquired respecting the justice of the matter. Paul fled some places when persecuted, and in other places appealed. R5897:6
Not literally, but in your heart, mentally. R4559:4
A figurative expression; willingness to have both cheeks smitten rather than to do injury to another. OV357:3
Our Lord, when on trial, was smitten, but did not ask to be smitten again. Figuratively he turned the other cheek, but not literally. R4559:4, 3738:2
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Smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also – Apparently quoting from Lam. 3:30. |
| 40 and to him that would go to law with thee and take thy body coat, leave him thy cloak also.
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Will sue thee – Has made up his mind to bring suit. R3738:3
Not that it would be improper to appeal for justice to the law; but, that when the law has decided the matter against us, we should submit. R5897:5
At the law – By legal process. R2518:2
Lawfully, even though it may be unjustly. R1735:6; OV357:3
The follower of Jesus is to be thoroughly responsive to all government. R5005:5
Christians are to be law-abiding, whether they consider the laws just or unjust. OV357:3; R4559:4
If ever compelled by law to vote, it would be the duty of each to vote according to his conscientious judgment. R2052:6, 2053:1
If the coat were to be given freely for the asking, the injunction respecting the law suit to obtain it would be meaningless. R2518:3
Take away thy coat – If no lawful redress can be obtained. R1735:5
Let him have – We feel we should report a burglar to the authorities to shield the public and to check the evil-doer in his wrong course. R5898:1
Thy cloak also – The revisers translated this to mean that if any one is disposed to go to law with you and take away your coat, that you should settle with him, even though it deprive you of your coat and cloak. R3738:3
We are to render up willingly all that the Court might decree, more rather than less. R2518:2, 4559:4; OV357:3
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| 41 And whoever will compel thee to go one mile, go with him two.
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And whosoever – Whatever magistrate or governor authorized by law. R3738:4
Shall compel thee – Command you legally. R3738:4; OV357:4
We are to show our good will be doing a little more rather than shirk legal exactions or grumble. R4559:4
If compelled to enter the army, the Christian might properly request service as a non-combatant; but if required to kill, he is to obey God rather than men, and not kill. OV358:6
We have been wondering whether our earlier suggested course [the one in the preceding citation] is the best one, whether it would mean compromise. R5755:4
To go a mile – Similar to the law under which Simon the Cyrenian was compelled to bear the cross of Jesus. R3738:4
Go with him twain – Do not show a narrow, stingy spirit in complying with the law's requirements. R3738:5
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| 42 To him that asks of thee give, and from him that desires to borrow of thee turn not away.
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Give to him – Not necessarily extravagant gifts, not all that the petitioner would desire. Judgment and discretion are to be used. R4559:4
The Lord's people might not thus amass as much money as others, but they would be laying up treasures in heaven. R4559:5
We cannot think that he meant that we should neglect the interests of our own homes and families in giving in to others, or in loaning to them. R3738:5
If an enemy demand of us our goods, we are to submit; but if so situated that we can resist legally, we are to resist any unjust demands, and compel a suit at law, submitting gracefully and heartily to its decision. R2518:3
That asketh thee – Not that we should lend to anybody who asks for a loan of money or goods, but that we should not turn away from those in need. R4971:1
That demands your valuables. R2518:3
That would borrow – Often the very best way is to lend him something, even if sure that he would not return it, for thus his coming again would be barred to some extent. Q135:3; R4971:1
Turn not thou away – We should not turn away with a deaf ear from those in need. Q135:3; R4971:1
Do good and lend, hoping for no similar favor in return. R4559:5
Exercise a benevolent spirit, using the proper discretion and judgment. R3738:5
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| 43 Ye have heard that it has been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour and hate thine enemy.
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Ye have heard – Tradition taught. R4559:5
Love thy neighbor – The word "neighbor" signifies those who are near, and the Scribes and Pharisees were in the habit of applying this to those who were near in sympathy, in sentiment, in faith, in sectarian relationship. R3804:4
Our Lord points out that in merely reciprocating the love of others we would come far short of the standard he sets us. R3739:1
Hate thine enemy – Directly contrary to the Mosaic Law which enjoined protection of an enemy's property. R3738:6
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| 44 But *I* say unto you, Love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who insult you and persecute you,
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Love your enemies – Be large-hearted and generous toward them, illustrated by David's forbearance toward Saul. R3239:6, 3738:6
As God loves the world--sympathetically. OV357:5; R4766:4, 5275:2
God loves his enemies: he provided a sacrifice for them and a reconciliation with himself. R5703:5
This love is that which ignores antagonism and animosities, and considers only the possibilities, the ways and means, for peace, reformation and salvation. R4766:4, 1955:6
Our hearts must be so full of love that not even an enemy could stir up in our hearts an evil or malicious sentiment. F372
If we have not yet attained this high standard, let us not be discouraged, but press onward that, as soon as possible, we may reach this point, which is the mark of perfected character. R2879:5
Not as you love the brethren, but so as to be ready and willing to do good for them. This is the mark of perfect love. F189, F371; R4470:2; OV357:5
If we have not reached the point of loving our enemies, we are not at the mark of the prize, because none having a lesser standard can be of the elect class at all. Q458:T; R3738:6
No one can win the prize unless he loves his enemies. R5953:1
Your enemies, not the enemies of another. Q260:5
In contrast with the spirit of the Holy (?) Inquisition. PD84/97
But all should hate injustice and be out of sympathy with those who oppress the weak and helpless. Q783:T
Bless them that curse you – Greek, katara, kataraomai, signifies condemnation--to speak against, to speak evil of, to injure. R2443:3
Not in the oldest Greek manuscripts. R3738:6
Do good to them – The best way to conquer an enemy is to convert him into a friend by kindness. R139:3*
Pray for them – That we might be used in breaking the superstition upon them, that the eyes of their understanding might be opened. R5275:3; OV357:5
Manifest generosity of heart toward them. To attain this sympathy and generosity is part of our instruction in the school of Christ. R5125:4, 3739:1
"God forbid that I should sin against the Lord in ceasing to pray for you." (1 Sam. 12:23) R4201:2
Despitefully use you – Never mind what a supposed enemy said or did. We are not living for ourselves but for the Lord. Q459:T
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| 45 that ye may be the sons of your Father who is in the heavens; for he makes his sun rise on evil and good, and sends rain on just and unjust.
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Children of your Father – If we are sons of God, we must have his Spirit, his disposition. R3738:6
When we get before our mind's eye the loving and true God as our ideal, we are more and more changed and transformed day by day as we discern our Maker's gracious character. R5474:6
"Like unto your Father"--tending to make the heart and mind more tender, more gentle and more forgiving toward all with whom you have to do. NS674:5
During the Dark Ages, many committed horrible atrocities in the name of religion, thinking that they were copying God--but they had been following demon-drawn pictures. R5474:3
And on the unjust – God has done much for them, even though they are sinners. R5624:1
At great cost providing for their redemption and restitution. R1821:6
God is gracious, loving, merciful, kind, even to the unthankful, even to the unjust, even to sinners; so should we be unto all men as we have opportunity. R5474:5, 2032:1
All that can be made out of the present life and present unfavorable conditions, the world is welcome to. NS225:2
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| 46 For if ye should love those who love you, what reward have ye? Do not also the tax-gatherers the same?
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What reward have ye – What merit is there in it? R1938:4
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| 47 And if ye should salute your brethren only, what do ye extraordinary? Do not also the Gentiles the same?
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And if ye salute – Extend the civilities of life. R3739:2
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| 48 Be *ye* therefore perfect as your heavenly Father is perfect.
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Therefore perfect – Nothing short of purity of heart, intention, will, can be acceptable to God. R5123:4, 5264:5, 5148:6, 5101:6, 4558:3, 3939:1; CR395:2; Q51:2
These admonitions apply only to those who are new creatures in Christ; it is a dark saying and needs to be spiritually discerned. CR391:6, 4
We first reach perfection of heart intention; then we pass through experiences which crystallize our characters in righteousness. R5172:2, 4974:3, 4559:6
God has set no lower standard than absolute perfection, but he has provided for us grace, mercy and peace through Christ if we walk in his footsteps. R2587:5
Good heart intention is not sufficient. Our profession of pure heart and God-likeness must be tested. It must be developed to the point of fixity of character. R4558:3, 2250:6
The mark of Christian character is godliness, Christ-likeness, love. We must attain to the same character of love that God possesses and that was manifested by our Lord Jesus. R2754:1
However, we are to remember that we have the new creature in an earthen vessel. It is the new creature that must have the likeness of Christ. Q51:2; R5264:5
We must have love, sympathy, and not merely justice. There is nothing of grace in the giving of justice; less than justice is wrong. But the Lord's people must be more than just. SM433:2
But God knows that we have this treasure of the new will in a mortal body which is imperfect. Through Christ he has made provision that every imperfection of our flesh may be forgiven. R5101:6, 4974:3, 4558:3, 3987:1, 3739:3
"Walk thou before me and be thou perfect." (Gen. 17:1) R3938:6
Even as your Father – It was proper that our Lord should give us the perfect pattern, on the same principle that the teacher of penmanship furnishes the pupil with the best engraved specimens to copy. R3987:2, 3939:1, 3739:4; Q533:2
Poor results come from comparing ourselves with ourselves, and neglecting to keep constantly before our minds the perfect copy. R3739:5
God sets before us Himself as the grand copy that we are to follow after. CR7:4, 5; R5794:1, 5148:6; Q533:2; SM434:T
Not that Christians can be all that God's character expresses, but that this is to be their ideal or aim in life. OV367:3; R5794:1, 5336:5, 5123:4; CR391:6; SM433:2
There is no lower standard than that of perfection. It would not do for the Lord to say, Be ye slightly like the Father, or, Be ye nearly like Him. He must present the perfect standard. R5359:6; NS408:2
Are you like your Father? You are in some respects--in your mind. Are you in all words, actions and thoughts? No, but you are trying to get more and more of the character-likeness of God. Q246:4
God is love. The more we grow up into proper, spiritual love, the more we are growing up into the character-likeness of our Father. R5265:6; SM281:T
We are in danger of taking some brother or sister, and saying, I will be like him, or like her! Q533:2
It is a mistake to think that the Apostle Paul's standards for elders are to be taken literally, for no one would be found fully up to all the requirements. He has stated what the ideal elder would be. Q255:7, 248:5, 246:4
The Lord would develop in his consecrated people the spirit of the Father. R3353:3
Those who attain the character-likeness of Christ will have the character-likeness of the Father, of whom the Son is the express image. NS654:3
God could not set an imperfect standard; for Him to do so would mean His agreement, in measure, with sin. R3939:1, 3739:2
Is perfect – God is the very personification of purity. R849:1
God's perfection is the standard. He cannot have one standard of perfection for you, another for me, and another for someone else. Q533:2
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