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Expanded Comments |
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| 1 And Jehovah spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they came near before Jehovah and died; |
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| 2 and Jehovah said to Moses, Speak unto Aaron thy brother, that he come not at all times into the sanctuary inside the veil before the mercy-seat which is upon the ark, that he die not; for I will appear in the cloud upon the mercy-seat. |
Aaron thy brother – Representing The Christ, Head and Body. T51
Into the holy – The Most Holy. T58, T13
Within the veil – Symbol of the death of the human body. T21, T22
The mercy seat – Which, with its cherubim and glory-light, represented Jehovah. T124
Upon the ark – Type of The Christ. T121
That he die not – Had our Lord failed at any point in his sacrificial work it would have meant his own destruction. "He was heard in that he feared." (Heb. 5:7) R1806:4
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| 3 In this manner shall Aaron come into the sanctuary: with a young bullock for a sin-offering, and a ram for a burnt-offering. |
A young bullock – Representing the perfect man, Christ Jesus, at the age of thirty years. T51; PD36/47
For a sin offering – "Thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin." (Isa. 53:10) T52; Q696:3
A burnt offering – To show how God received the sacrifice. T45
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| 4 A holy linen vest shall he put on, and linen trousers shall be upon his flesh, and he shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the linen mitre shall he be attired: these are holy garments; and he shall bathe his flesh in water, and put them on.
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The holy linen coat – Representing the righteousness of the saints; an earnest of the glorious robe to follow. T55
Aaron clothed in the linen coat represented our Lord as a spirit-begotten New Creature during his 3 ½ years of sacrifice. R5580:1
A linen girdle – Representing servitude. T30
The linen mitre – To which the crown, proclaiming his royalty, was fastened after the sacrificing work was finished. T29, T30
Wash his flesh – Representing the sinlessness of the New Creation, Head and Body. T54
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| 5 And of the assembly of the children of Israel shall he take two bucks of the goats for a sin-offering, and one ram for a burnt-offering. |
Of the congregation – Representing the Church taken out of the world. Q677:2; R4427:1
Two kids of the goats – Representing all who fully consecrate their lives even unto death, to God's service, during the Gospel age. T59
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| 6 And Aaron shall present the bullock of the sin-offering, which is for himself, and make atonement for himself, and for his house. |
Aaron shall offer – Type of Christ's own death. R5972:6, R5847:1
The High Priest offered himself at Jordan and finished the sacrifice at Calvary. R4537:5
Even if the world had not needed to be redeemed from sin, the Priest must have given the same sacrifice exactly, in order to attain his high position. R5391:5
His bullock – The bullock represented our Lord as a man. R4427:1, R4397:3, R4747:3, R5731:1; Q265:T
Of the sin offering – Merely for Adam's sin and all weaknesses and imperfections resulting from it. R5873:6
Which is for – Which represents. T55; R4427:1, R5720:4
Himself – For the members of his Body, the underpriests. T55; R4397:3, R5972:6; Q551:3
And for his house – All believers, the entire household of faith, the Levites. T55
The Levites, household of faith, Great Company. R4397:3, R4427:6, R4546:2, R5196:5, R5972:6
None of the merit of the Redeemer's sacrifice is applied outside the household of faith on the Atonement Day. R3708:5
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| 7 And he shall take the two goats, and set them before Jehovah, before the entrance of the tent of meeting. |
The two goats – Typical of the consecrated Church of the Gospel age, the household of faith. R4035:4, R4427:5, 1
From the camp; the Lord's consecrated people are at first "sinners even as others." (Eph. 2:3; 1 Cor. 6:9-11) T59; R4427:1
Present them – Picture of the followers of Jesus presenting themselves as living sacrifices. Q614:1
At the door – Representing their desire to become dead with their Redeemer as human beings, and to enter the heavenly conditions as he did. T60
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| 8 And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats: one lot for Jehovah, and the other lot for Azazel. |
Cast lots – God does not arbitrarily determine which of the consecrated shall become partakers of the divine nature. T61; R4035:5, R4427:5
For the LORD – This goat represented the members of the Body of the High Priest. R4427:5
For the scapegoat – Heb., for Azazel, the prince of darkness; a reference to the class delivered over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh. R4035:6, R4427:5
These will be the servants of the glorified Priest. R4546:4
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| 9 And Aaron shall present the goat upon which the lot fell for Jehovah, and offer it as a sin-offering. |
The goat – Represented the consecrated human being. R4747:3
The LORD'S lot fell – Representing those who do really follow in Christ's footsteps, as he has set us an example. T60; R5196:5, R5873:5
The Lord's adopted members. R4397:6
And offer him – But not the scapegoat. T59
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| 10 And the goat upon which the lot fell for Azazel shall be set alive before Jehovah, to make atonement with it, to send it away as Azazel into the wilderness. |
The scapegoat – Representing the consecrated followers of the Lord who through fear of the sacrificial death are all their lifetime subject to bondage. (Heb. 2:15) T60; R5196:5, R5873:5; Q631:T
Make an atonement – The scapegoat class will have a secondary part in the expiation of sin by having their sufferings applied as atonement for certain willful sins of the world--not Adamic sin. Q632:6; R4036:2, R4428:5, R4652:2, R4864:6, R5463:6
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| 11 And Aaron shall present the bullock of the sin-offering, which is for himself, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house, and shall slaughter the bullock of the sin-offering which is for himself. |
Aaron – The priest represented our Lord, the New Creature. R5621:6
The bullock – Type of the man Jesus, his human life. R5325:5, R5580:1, R1829:2; Q631:3
For himself – The members of his Body--the underpriests. T55; R4352:3, R4511:3, R4619:5, R4965:5 R5196:5, R5777:1
And his house – All believers, the household of faith, the Levites. T55; R4352:3
The Levites, household of faith, Great Company. R4427:6, R5972:6, R4546:2
Kill the bullock – Represented our Lord at Jordan, dead as a man and alive as a New Creature. R4877:1, R5080:5; Q660:1; T56
Of the sin offering – In antitype, the offering for sin began when Jesus presented himself at Jordan. R5880:4, R4505:5, R4389:3
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| 12 And he shall take the censer full of burning coals of fire from off the altar before Jehovah, and both his hands full of fragrant incense beaten small, and bring it inside the veil. |
And he – Aaron. The New Creature Jesus ministered in the Holy while his human nature was sacrificed on the altar in the Court, and his body burned outside the camp. R5325:5
Coals of fire – Destructive influences, circumstances and conditions which the Father provides for the purpose of proving the character, loyalty and genuineness of our devotion. R4602:5, 3; Q278:2, 1, Q27:5
The altar – The Brazen altar, in the Court. T56[T56:2]; R5961:3*
His hands full – Representing our Lord's full capacity and ability of righteousness, required and yielded. T56[T56:2]
Incense beaten small – Powdered; representing the perfections of the man Christ Jesus; his best endeavors. T56
Long prayers made to be heard of men "have their reward" and never reach the golden censer before the throne. HG52:2
Bring – According to Profs. Young and Strong, "to cause to come in" or "to send." R5961:3*
It – Singular, referring to the incense and not to the censer. R5961:3*
Within the vail – The first veil or door; representing the death of the human will. T22, T55
The second veil, between the Holy and Most Holy. R5961:3*
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| 13 And he shall put the incense upon the fire before Jehovah, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy-seat which is upon the testimony, that he die not. |
Upon the fire – Of the Golden altar, the Church. T120
Representing the fiery trials of our Lord. T56
Cloud of the incense – Penetrating beyond the second veil. T55
Representing the perfect obedience and glorious qualities of Jesus as he came into contact with the trials of life, yielding a sweet perfume. R5731:1, R4602:6; PD36/47; T56; Q278:2
The divine view of the sacrifice of Christ during the three and a half years of his ministry. R4427:3; CR486:3
The incense preceding the High Priest beyond the veil would testify that he had faithfully fulfilled the required conditions. Q693:4; R4868:4
Jesus could not have entered the glory beyond unless he had finished his sacrifice and offerings. Q28:1
The mercy seat – "The Propitiatory," representing Jehovah's justice. T124
Upon the testimony – Covers the Law. T55
That he die not – By infracting the conditions upon which alone he may come into the divine presence acceptably. T55; Q693:4; R5712:5
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| 14 And he shall take of the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle with his finger upon the front of the mercy-seat eastward; and before the mercy-seat shall he sprinkle of the blood seven times with his finger. |
Take of the blood – Typical of the blood of the Atonement, the price of our redemption. T59; R4352:3
The blood signifies the life of the sacrifice. The blood itself is a symbol of death. R5621:6, R4876:3; Q695:3
The blood of the bullock was applied only for the priests and Levites. R5622:1
Upon the mercy seat – Or more properly, the Propitiatory, because on it the priest offered the blood of the sacrifices which propitiated or satisfied the demands of divine justice. T124
A symbol of Jesus presenting his sacrificial merit to the Heavenly Father on behalf of the Church class. R5880:5; PD36/47
The Mercy Seat with its cherubim and glory-light represented Jehovah, the presence of God, where Christ went "there to appear in the presence of God for us." (Heb. 9:24). T59, T124
Eastward; and before – In the form of a cross. T63; Q28:T
Seven times – Perfectly. T61
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| 15 And he shall slaughter the goat of the sin-offering, which is for the people, and bring its blood inside the veil, and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it upon the mercy-seat, and before the mercy-seat; |
Then – Jesus began his secondary offering of his "members" as soon as the Father accepted his offering for us-- at Pentecost. R4512:4, R4505:5; T64
Nothing could be done with the Lord's goat until the sacrifice of the bullock was completed. R4035:2; PD36/47
Kill the goat – Representing the sacrificing followers of the Lord who are faithful to their covenant. T61; R4354:1, R4965:5, R5622:1, R5731:1; Q660:1
The putting to death of the depraved will, the crucifixion of ourselves as men. T64; R5778:1
Our Lord offered the goat, his second sacrifice, at Pentecost, and the work has progressed ever since. R4546:4, R5720:4
We do not sacrifice ourselves. R4747:3
The High Priest slays the goat, making it part of his sacrifice. Q700:2
This act represents God's acceptance of your consecration. Q414:T
The moment he accepts you he justifies you. Q420
A goat is very lean compared with a bullock, showing that our Lord had much more of love and zeal. T61; R4035:2
Of the sin offering – "Filling up that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ." (Col. 1:24) T66; R5777:1
The killing of the sin-offering was not ended until the goat was slain. R5880:4; Q660:1
For the people – The sacrifice of the Lord's goat is accepted on behalf of the world, just as that of Christ is accepted on behalf of his Body and the household of faith. T67; R4035:3, R4427:6, R4475:4, R4493:2, R4499:4; SM70:T
This sacrifice of the Lord's goat by the High Priest is acceptable to the Father only because of the merit of Jesus. R5720:4
His blood – The life given up. Q414:T
Within the veil – At the close of the Gospel age. CR485:6
Do with that blood – The blood of his secondary sacrifice, the Church. R4546:6
As he did – In every particular. T61
Upon the mercy seat – Thus satisfying justice. The second use Christ will make of his sacrifice will be on behalf of all the people. R5342:6, R4819:1
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| 16 and he shall make atonement for the sanctuary, to cleanse it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel, and from their transgressions in all their sins; and so shall he do for the tent of meeting which dwelleth among them in the midst of their uncleanness. |
Make an atonement – When the blood of the Lord's goat was sprinkled upon the mercy seat the sin-offering was ended. R5880:4
Children of Israel – Representing all nations, kindreds and tongues. R4397:5
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| 17 And there shall be no man in the tent of meeting when he goeth in to make atonement in the sanctuary until he come out; and he shall make atonement for himself, and for his house, and for the whole congregation of Israel. |
Shall be no man – The privileges of the true Tabernacle belong only to those who are priests, members of the body of the High Priest, spiritual New Creatures and no longer men. T75
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| 18 And he shall go out unto the altar which is before Jehovah, and make atonement for it; and shall take of the blood of the bullock, and of the goat, and put it upon the horns of the altar round about; |
Upon the horns – Symbol of power. T42
Of the altar – All who realize the power of the altar must first recognize the blood which sanctifies it. T42
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| 19 and he shall sprinkle upon it of the blood with his finger seven times, and cleanse it, and hallow it from the uncleannesses of the children of Israel. |
And cleanse It – Showing that the blood is full satisfaction, and that the work of the scapegoat which followed was no part of the sin-offering. T68
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| 20 And when he hath ended making atonement for the sanctuary, and the tent of meeting, and the altar, he shall present the living goat; |
Reconciling – Atonement, satisfaction, not for the Court and Tabernacle as places, but for those people who are in those conditions. Q689:5
The holy place – The Most Holy. T68
The Court. Q689:5
Tabernacle – The Holy. T68
The Holy and Most Holy. Q689:5
(Editor's Note: See Appendix D for a complete tabulation of the Scriptural word for "Holy" and "Holy Place." )
And the altar – In the Court. T68
The live goat – The scapegoat, the Great Company. T68, T69
The scapegoat dealt with thirdly seems to imply the great tribulation of this class will come more specially at the end of the Gospel age. Q290:T, Q690:T
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| 21 and Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the living goat, and confess over it all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their sins, and he shall put them on the head of the goat, and shall send him away to the wilderness by the hand of a man standing ready; |
All the iniquities – Typifying, not Adamic guilt and condemnation, which were all figuratively canceled by the sacrifice of the bullock and the Lord's goat, but other sins of measurable willfulness committed against light and knowledge. R4015:3, R4036:2, R4856:2, R5256:4, R5462:5; Q632:6
See also comments on (Leviticus 16:10) .
Children of Israel - Typical of the world of mankind. T68; R5463:2
Send him away - Not sacrificed at all, hence not a sin-offering. Q632:6
A fit man - Anyone convenient; unfavorable circumstances. T68, T70
Into the wilderness - Shows how the Great Company is turned over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh. (1 Cor. 5:5). Q24:3
Condition of separation from the world. T70
Severe testings which will demonstrate their character definitely. R4654:4
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| 22 that the goat may bear upon him all their iniquities to a land apart from men; and he shall send away the goat into the wilderness. |
Let go the goat – To die unwillingly, "that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord." (1 Cor. 5:5) , T71
The scapegoat did not go voluntarily, it was sent away. R5628:3
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| 23 And Aaron shall go into the tent of meeting, and shall put off the linen garments, which he put on when he went into the sanctuary, and shall leave them there; |
Into the tabernacle – The Holy. T72[T72]
Linen garments – Representing the merit of Christ imputed to us. Q285:5
Into the holy place – The Most Holy. T72[T72]
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| 24 and he shall bathe his flesh with water in a holy place, and put on his garments, and go forth, and offer his burnt-offering, and the burnt-offering of the people, and make atonement for himself, and for the people. |
Wash his flesh – Signifying the completion of the cleansing which comes when the Body is made perfect in glory. T74; PD36/47
In the holy place – The Court. T72[T72]
Put on his garments – His usual garments of glory and beauty. T72[T72]
Representing our Lord after his resurrection to the divine nature. R5580:1[R5580:1-2]
Although Jesus has passed beyond the vail he is still in the linen garments of sacrifice. Q285:2
His burnt offering – A ram, representing God's acceptance of the sacrifice of the bullock. T73[T73]
God will not manifest his acceptance of the better sacrifices until the sacrifices for sins are complete and The Christ is glorified. T73[T73:3]
Of the people – Another ram, representing God's acceptance of the sacrifice of the Lord's goat.T73
Make an atonement – Another illustration of the Atonement. T72[T72]
For himself – The Body, the Church, the Little Flock. T72[T72:3]; R4384:6
For the people – For the sins of all the people. R4384:6
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| 25 And the fat of the sin-offering shall he burn upon the altar. |
And the fat – Symbol of loving zeal. T57
When offered, made a great smoke, showing our Lord's heart devotion to the Heavenly Father. CR486:2; Q28:2
Shall he burn – Representing steady continuous submission to the fiery ordeal of suffering. T71
Upon the altar – Showing that God accepts the heart devotion which prompts the sacrifice. T42
Seen and appreciated by all within the antitypical Court-- justified believers. CR486:3
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| 26 And he that letteth go the goat for Azazel shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water; and afterwards he may come into the camp. |
And he – Representing the classes instrumental in bringing the trouble and destruction of the flesh upon the Great Company. T75
Come Into the camp – Into the same condition as the rest of the world. T75
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| 27 And the bullock of the sin-offering, and the goat of the sin-offering whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the sanctuary, shall one carry forth outside the camp; and they shall burn with fire their skins, and their flesh, and their dung. |
Atonement – Prefigured the reconciliation of God and mankind. R5196:5
Without the camp – As a vile thing in the eyes of the world. T42, T57; R4427:4
As a stench in their nostrils. CR486:3; Q28:2; R3708:4
Signifying ostracism, rejection of men and dishonor. R4385:1
The nominal church. R246:4
"Let us go forth therefore unto him without the camp bearing his reproach." (Heb. 13:13) T62
Burn in the fire – Representing the gradual, but complete, destruction of the human nature of Christ and the Church. T42; R4385:1
The slandering of God's people for righteousness' sake. R5655:5
And their dung – We are the filth and offscourings of the earth. (1 Cor. 4:13) T62
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| 28 And he that burneth them shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water; and afterwards he may come into the camp. |
And he – Representing those principally instrumental in reproaching, reviling and destroying the humanity of Jesus and the Church. T75
Come Into the camp – Into the same condition as the rest of the world, without special punishment. T75
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| 29 And this shall be an everlasting statute unto you. In the seventh month, on the tenth of the month, ye shall afflict your souls, and do no work at all, the home-born, and the stranger that sojourneth among you; |
Afflict your souls – Typical of the world's painful and afflicted condition during sin's domination. R147:5
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| 30 for on that day shall atonement be made for you, to cleanse you: from all your sins shall ye be clean before Jehovah. |
Atonement for you – Typically canceling the Adamic condemnation for the coming year, not the preceding one. R4034:3
Antitype started with Jesus and his sacrifice, continues with the Church sharing with Christ in his sacrifice and in the fullest sense continues to the end of the Millennium. Q26:9
Inappropriate now because there is neither Temple nor Tabernacle. R679:1
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| 31 A sabbath of rest shall it be unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls: it is an everlasting statute. |
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| 32 And the priest who hath been anointed, and who hath been consecrated, to exercise the priesthood in his father's stead, shall make atonement; and he shall put on the linen garments, the holy garments. |
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| 33 And he shall make atonement for the holy sanctuary; and for the tent of meeting, and for the altar shall he make atonement; and for the priests, and for the whole people of the congregation shall he make atonement. |
For all the people – When Christ shall in the end of this age antitypically sprinkle the Mercy Seat it will be for the world. R4587:4
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| 34 And this shall be an everlasting statute unto you, to make atonement for the children of Israel to cleanse them from all their sins once a year. And he did as Jehovah had commanded Moses. |
Once a year – The type was repeated annually because the blood of bulls and goats could never take away sin. (Heb. 10:3,4) R4034:3, R5293:4
The Day of Atonement in the antitype is the entire Gospel age. T50, T76
All of the Millennial age will be a part of the antitypical Atonement Day. R5874:5
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