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| 1 In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah reigned hath Hoshea son of Elah in Samaria, over Israel nine years, |
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| 2 and he doth the evil thing in the eyes of Jehovah, only, not as the kings of Israel who were before him; |
That were before him – A rather doubtful compliment, of being less evil than some of his predecessors. R4819:3
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| 3 against him came up Shalmaneser king of Asshur, and Hoshea is to him a servant, and doth render to him a present. |
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| 4 And the king of Asshur findeth in Hoshea a conspiracy, in that he hath sent messengers unto So king of Egypt, and hath not caused a present to go up to the king of Asshur, as year by year, and the king of Asshur restraineth him, and bindeth him in a house of restraint. |
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| 5 And the king of Asshur goeth up into all the land, and he goeth up to Samaria, and layeth siege against it three years; |
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| 6 in the ninth year of Hoshea hath the king of Asshur captured Samaria, and removeth Israel to Asshur, and causeth them to dwell in Halah, and in Habor, [by] the river Gozan, and [in] the cities of the Medes. |
And carried Israel – The ten tribes. R4819:3
The fall of the ten tribes of Israel pictures the fall of Papacy. R2360:5
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| 7 And it cometh to pass, because the sons of Israel have sinned against Jehovah their God who bringeth them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt and fear other gods, |
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| 8 and walk in the statutes of the nations that Jehovah dispossessed from the presence of the sons of Israel, and of the kings of Israel that they made; |
Statutes of the heathen – Israel was quite willing to be God's special people, but seemingly they did not wish to be his peculiar people. R2359:1
Spiritual Israel must be "peculiar people" and not attempt to please and copy the world. R2360:4
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| 9 and the sons of Israel do covertly things that [are] not right against Jehovah their God, and build for them high places in all their cities, from a tower of the watchers unto the fenced city, |
Did secretly – Hypocritically, under the pretense that they were doing this in the service of the true God. R2359:3
Corresponds with the tendency of many in Christendom today of publicly showing an outward display in forms and ceremonies, thinking they are increasing in godliness. R2359:4
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| 10 and set up for them standing-pillars and shrines on every high height, and under every green tree, |
Images and groves – As natural Israel had its groves and totem-posts, so many spiritual Israelites have their various creeds. R3464:6
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| 11 and make perfume there in all high places, like the nations that Jehovah removed from their presence, and do evil things to provoke Jehovah, |
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| 12 and serve the idols, of which Jehovah said to them, 'Ye do not do this thing;' |
They served idols – Idols today are popularity, wealth, fame, self, denomination. R2359:5, R3464:6
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| 13 And Jehovah testifieth against Israel, and against Judah, by the hand of every prophet, and every seer, saying, 'Turn back from your evil ways, and keep My commands, My statutes, according to all the law that I commanded your fathers, and that I sent unto you by the hand of My servants the prophets;' |
Keep my commandments – Israel's prosperity or defeat indicated the Lord's favor or disfavor, in a manner not applicable to other nations. R4820:1
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| 14 and they have not hearkened, and harden their neck, like the neck of their fathers, who did not remain stedfast in Jehovah their God, |
Hardened their necks – A figure of speech drawn from the stiffness of neck of a yoke of unruly bullocks. R3464:1
Symbolizing a self-willed and rebellious attitude of heart. R4820:2, R3464:1
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| 15 and reject His statutes and His covenant that He made with their fathers, and His testimonies that He testified against them, and go after the vain thing, and become vain, and after the nations that are round about them, of whom Jehovah commanded them not to do like them; |
Rejected his statutes – Israel rejected God's Law, God's word; lost faith in God's promises; lost sight of the result of forsaking his counsel; followed foolishness, desiring to be not peculiar but popular. R2360:2
This applies to antitypical nominal Israel of today. R2360:4
Went after the heathen – The disposition to do like the world is the seductive point at which the great Adversary would switch us off from being the Lord's peculiar people. Let us remember John 15:19. R2360:4
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| 16 And they forsake all the commands of Jehovah their God, and make to them a molten image two calves, and make a shrine, and bow themselves to all the host of the heavens, and serve Baal, |
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| 17 and cause their sons and their daughters to pass over through fire, and divine divinations, and use enchantments, and sell themselves to do the evil thing in the eyes of Jehovah, to provoke Him; |
To pass through the fire – The fire of Moloch, as sacrifices. The modern Moloch is a god of everlasting torture. R2360:1
We have today a Moloch on a much larger scale, the God-dishonoring imaginations of a god red hot with the flames of hell or purgatory. R3464:6
Divination and enchantments – God's Word warns us against having anything to do with occult powers. R5800:2
They held intercourse with the fallen angels. R2359:6
This same spirit of wilfulness and dissatisfaction with divine arrangements is not lacking today. R2359:6
Sold themselves to do evil – They became the slaves of their passions and self-deceptions, misled of the evil spirits. R3464:1, R2359:6
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| 18 That Jehovah sheweth himself very angry against Israel, and turneth them aside from His presence; none hath been left, only the tribe of Judah by itself. |
With Israel – These other nations were not specially chastised for idolatry as was Israel. R3463:6
Removed them – Israel's overthrow was a judgment from the Lord. R4820:1
It was God's abandonment of the ten-tribe kingdom, his permission for them to have their way and henceforth to be treated of him as the heathen. R3463:6
An entire alienation from God. R3464:1
The greater religious faith and zeal was always to be found in Judah, and gradually many of the more religious in Ephraim (the ten-tribe kingdom) removed to Judah. R3464:2, R4819:3
Tribe of Judah only – There are analogies in spiritual Israel: the great "falling away" from the faith; the captivity to Papacy and the world (Babylon); the "Reformation," and the separation of "Israelites indeed." R3464:5
The fall of the ten tribes of Israel reminds us of the fall of Papacy for similar reasons. R2360:5
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| 19 Also Judah hath not kept the commands of Jehovah their God, and they walk in the statutes of Israel that they had made. |
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| 20 And Jehovah kicketh against all the seed of Israel, and afflicteth them, and giveth them into the hand of spoilers, till that He hath cast them out of His presence, |
All the seed of Israel – The Israelites were destroyed as a nation; but God's favor will return to the twelve tribes, and their regathering will be the first blessing to humanity under Messiah's reign. R4820:4
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| 21 for He hath rent Israel from the house of David, and they make Jeroboam son of Nebat king, and Jeroboam driveth Israel from after Jehovah, and hath caused them to sin a great sin, |
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| 22 and the sons of Israel walk in all the sins of Jeroboam that he did, they have not turned aside therefrom, |
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| 23 till that Jehovah hath turned Israel aside from His presence, as He spake by the hand of all His servants the prophets, and Israel is removed from off its land to Asshur, unto this day. |
Removed Israel – See comments on 2 Kings 17:18.
So was Israel carried away – Whoever of them maintained faith in God and observed circumcision maintained his membership as an Israelite. Others ceased entirely to be Israelites. R4819:6, R3464:4
To Assyria – They gradually assimilated with the population surrounding them and lost identity as Israelites. R3463:6
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| 24 And the king of Asshur bringeth in from Babylon and from Cutha, and from Ava, and from Hamath, and Sepharvaim, and causeth [them] to dwell in the cities of Samaria instead of the sons of Israel, and they possess Samaria, and dwell in its cities; |
Place them in ... Samaria – Thus the Samaritans of Jesus' day were Gentiles who had been transported to Samaria. R2574:1
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| 25 and it cometh to pass, at the commencement of their dwelling there, they have not feared Jehovah, and Jehovah doth send among them the lions, and they are destroying among them. |
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| 26 And they speak to the king of Asshur, saying, 'The nations that thou hast removed, and dost place in the cities of Samaria, have not known the custom of the God of the land, and He sendeth among them the lions, and lo, they are destroying them, as they do not know the custom of the God of the land.' |
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| 27 And the king of Asshur commandeth, saying, 'Cause to go thither one of the priests whom ye removed thence, and they go and dwell there, and he doth teach them the custom of the God of the land.' |
Let him teach them – Thus the Samaritan Gentiles obtained a smattering of knowledge of Jewish hopes, combining them with false ideas of their own. R2574:1
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| 28 And one of the priests whom they removed from Samaria cometh in, and dwelleth in Beth-El, and he is teaching them how they do fear Jehovah, |
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| 29 and they are making each nation its gods, and place [them] in the houses of the high places that the Samaritans have made, each nation in their cities where they are dwelling. |
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| 30 And the men of Babylon have made Succoth-Benoth, and the men of Cuth have made Nergal, and the men of Hamath have made Ashima, |
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| 31 and the Avites have made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites are burning their sons with fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, gods of Sepharvim. |
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| 32 And they are fearing Jehovah, and make to themselves from their extremities priests of high places, and they are acting for them in the house of the high places. |
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| 33 Jehovah they are fearing, and their gods they are serving, according to the custom of the nations whence they removed them. |
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| 34 Unto this day they are doing according to the former customs they are not fearing Jehovah, and are not doing according to their statutes, and according to their ordinances, and according to the law, and according to the command, that Jehovah commanded the sons of Jacob whose name He made Israel, |
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| 35 and Jehovah maketh with them a covenant, and chargeth them, saying, 'Ye do not fear other gods, nor bow yourselves to them, nor serve them, nor sacrifice to them, |
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| 36 but Jehovah who brought you up out of the land of Egypt with great power, and with a stretched-out arm, Him ye do fear, and to Him ye bow yourselves, and to Him ye do sacrifice; |
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| 37 and the statutes, and the judgments, and the law, and the command, that He wrote for you, ye observe to do all the days, and ye do not fear other gods; |
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| 38 and the covenant that I have made with you ye do not forget, and ye do not fear other gods; |
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| 39 but Jehovah your God ye do fear, and He doth deliver you out of the hand of all your enemies;' |
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| 40 and they have not hearkened, but according to their former custom they are doing, |
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| 41 and these nations are fearing Jehovah, and their graven images they have served, both their sons and their sons' sons; as their fathers did, they are doing unto this day. |
Feared the LORD – Comprehended through the light of nature; but not justified thereby. R1030:2*
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