Atlanta Bible Students

The Book of Hebrews

General (from Expanded Bible Comments)

The epistle to the Hebrews was written to the "twelve tribes instantly serving God" and hoping; especially such as were Israelites indeed and had accepted Christ: it is applicable therefore also to all those who from among the Gentiles have been grafted into the promises of God to Abraham, by union with Christ, the true, faithful "Seed." R2085:6

To appreciate the necessity for the book of Hebrews, we must mentally take our stand back in apostolic days and get our bearings as though we were living there under those conditions. The question of the Law Covenant was a burning question in the early Church, not only with the Hebrews, but also with the Gentiles. It seemed impossible, especially for the former, to learn that the Law Covenant was not necessary and that a Gentile could really have access to the Abrahamic Covenant through Christ easier than could a Jew. It was to counteract this powerful error of that day that St. Paul wrote the epistle to the Hebrews. It certainly has been a valuable epistle to the Gentiles, but it was written specially to the Hebrews, and because of their tenacious adherence to the Law Covenant, from the dominating influence of which they seemed not to be able to free themselves. The epistle to the Hebrews was written to prove that a totally new dispensation of grace, and not of works, had been ushered in through Jesus at Pentecost. R4510[R4510:128]

Paul, or whoever wrote this epistle, addressed it to the Church. It seems peculiarly adapted to converted Jews, who were familiar with the writings of the Old Testament. We have in this epistle some of the most earnest exhortations to be faithful to the Lord, and the very best reasons and motives given for our encouragement. R78:2

No signature is attached to the book of Hebrews, nor does the writer of it in any way identify himself, except as we see in its style, close reasoning, deep penetration, and wide knowledge of the divine plan, strong evidence that it was written by the Apostle Paul. Who but he could have written it? It is not addressed to Jews, as if with the intention of converting those who did not believe in Christ--but to the Hebrews--to those who were the children of Abraham according to the flesh, but who had accepted Christ. The Apostle would strengthen and establish the faith of these (and indirectly of all others who would come to a similar knowledge of God's dealings with Israel). In this epistle he seeks to show that, so far from the new dispensation repudiating the old one, it was merely an advance step which was being taken because its due time had come. The Jewish system was not being repudiated as a divine institution, but was being established as such, everything in the new dispensation having an analogy to the things in the old one, but on a higher plane. R2821:2, 3

Atlanta Bible Students Study of the Book of Hebrews

Who wrote the Book of Hebrews? - R2821

Hebrews Chapter 1

References for Vss. 1-2: R2407, 4092 (The Voice of the Lord), R5186 (Humility an Element of True Courage), 1386 (The Bride, the Lamb�s Wife), E38.2

Verse 1

�God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets,�

QuestionAnswer
Who are the �actors� in verse 1? God, the fathers, the prophets
Who did the speaking? God.
To whom did He speak (be specific)? The fathers, i.e., Israel of old.
How did He speak to them? By the prophets.
What is meant by �sundry times?� Throughout the Jewish age.
What is meant by �diverse manners?� Through the prophets (2 Pet. 1:21). Through dreams, Urim and Thumim. (1 Sam. 28:6)

Verse 2

"Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds;"
QuestionAnswer
What is meant by �these last days?� The first "days" were the first 4,000+ years (the first advent taking place early in the 5th 1,000 year day from Adam). - Thus, they were in the last (2-3) days of the 'creative week.'
Who is �us?� The church.
How does God speak to �us?� Through His Son, i.e., through the Word of God as revealed to us by Jesus and His appointed representatives - the Apostles and messengers (Rev. 1:20).
Does God speak to others today? Yes He does. The problem is that they are not listening. - Isa. 28:5-13.
What has God arranged for His Son? To be the heir of ALL things.
What work has the Son done in the past? Not much, just Jehovah's active agent in creating the Universe. - John 1:1-3.

Verse 3 References: A211:1; B108:1; R4667

"Who [Jesus] being the brightness of his [the Father] glory, and the express image of his [the Father] person, and upholding all things by the word of his [the Father] power, when he [Jesus] had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;"
QuestionAnswer
What is meant by �the brightness of his glory?� Eze. 1:4,13,14,26-28; 10:4
What is meant by �the express image of his person?� A211:1 - (John 5:26) John 14:9
When did Jesus become "the express image of his" Father? R4667
How can Jesus be said to �uphold all things by the word of his power?� Isa. 55:8-11 God's Word accomplishes what He sends it to do.
Whose word and whose power are here indicated? The Father's. "The words that I speak unto you I speak not of myself: but the Father that dwelleth in me" John 14:10
What is meant by the phrase �by himself purged our sins?� Jesus alone provided the Ransom. The Ransom is what gives us justification or 'purging of our sins'.
Does this imply that Jesus had no help in this? "I can of mine own self do nothing." John 5:30
How does this harmonize with John 5:30?
What is indicated by �the right hand?� Position of Power or Aurhority. - Matt. 26:64
What is �the Majesty on high?�

References: A211.1, B108:1

Verse 4

�Being made so much better than the angels, as he hath by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they.�
QuestionAnswer
How was Jesus made �so much better than the angels?� By being raised to the Divine Nature.
What is the inheritance here described and how was this obtained? The Divine Nature which Jesus received as the reward for his faithfulness in carrying out the Father's plan by givine himself as our Redeemer.
What is our interest in the reward Jesus received? We are to be made like him. Eph. 1:21; 1 Cor. 6:3; 1 John 3:2; 2 Pet. 1:4

Verse 5

�For unto which of the angels said he at any time, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee? And again, I will be to him a Father, and he shall be to me a Son?�
QuestionAnswer
This question is to be considered at the end of discussion on verse 6
When did God say "Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee?"
Matt. 3:17 (Rotherham); Psa. 2:7;
Paul here asks �unto which of the angels said he � I will be to him a Father�?� Aren�t the other angels referred to as the �sons of God?� Yes - Job 1:6; 38:7

Verse 6

�And again, when he bringeth in the firstbegotten into the world, he saith, And let all the angels of God worship him.�
QuestionAnswer
Who is the �firstbegotten?� Jesus.
Paul tells us that it was when God brought �the firstbegotten into the world� that He said �let all the angels of God worship him.� This brings up two questions.
1. Didn�t Jesus (as the Logos) create the angels? Yes. - John 1:1-3
2. If this is so, how then is it that God could say �let all the angels of God worship him� at the time when God �bringeth in the firstbegotten into the world?� Weren�t they already worshipping him?
What changed?
Sons of God - Job 1:6; 38:7

Verse 7

"And of the angels he saith, Who maketh his angels spirits, and his ministers a flame of fire."
QuestionAnswer
What are angels? Spiritual Sons of God
Who are �his ministers� and how are they �a flame of fire?� R5278
Verse 8
"But unto the Son he saith, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: a sceptre of righteousness is the sceptre of thy kingdom."
QuestionAnswer
How can God say to the Son �Thy throne, O God�?� Is God calling the Son God? � Does this prove the trinity? No. Where it says "O God," the word 'God' is greek theos which indicates 'a god or mighty one'. It is the same as the Hebrew 'elohim' with the same meaning.
For how long does the throne of the Son last? For ever. Literally "for ages and ages."
What is indicated by the scepter? The Right to rule. Mentioned in Gen. 49:10. See also Eze. 21:25-27.

Verse 9

�Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.�
QuestionAnswer
With what does God do for the Son? God anointed Him with the oil (holy spirit) of gladness.
And what does this mean for us? What this means for us is that we too receive the same holy anointing oil (Psa. 133), but we will never be as high as Jesus (even though we will be of the same nature).
Why did God anoint Jesus �with the oil of gladness?� and what does that mean? Because he "loved righteousness and hated iniquity."
We should always recognize this means "gladness." That is what an understanding of the Truth of God's Word brings.
Who are "thy fellows?" The church. Rom. 8:29

[Verses 10-12 are quoted from Psalms 102:25-27]
See R4222 �THE CHANGED HEAVEN AND EARTH�

Verse 10

"And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the works of thine hands:"
QuestionAnswer
Who is the �Lord� who �in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth?� All things are of the Father and by the Son. 1 Cor. 8:6.
What is meant by �laid the foundation of the earth?� Earth = Organized society under religious restraint. R498
How are �the heavens .. the works of thine hands?� Heavens = The power of Spiritual control. A69:1; A318:1; R5517

Verse 11

"They shall perish; but thou remainest; and they all shall wax old as doth a garment;"
QuestionAnswer
Is this true? Will both the earth and the heavens perish? Yes.
What is indicated by the perishing of the earth and the heavens? The earth (organized society) and the heavens (ecclesiasticism) will indeed perish.
Why is their dissolution described as waxing �old as doth a garment?� Because they will have outlived their usefulness and need to be gotten rid of.
There may also be the suggestion here of The Christ acting as a Mediator - a covering during the Millennial Age.

Verse 12

"And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail."
QuestionAnswer
What is indicated by changing the earth and heavens as a vesture (garment, cloak)? They will be replaced by the New Heavens and the New Earth. - Rev. 21:1
Is there any significance to them being folded up? Nahum 1:5-10
Why is the changing of earth and heavens contrasted with �thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail?� Because the powers of spiritual and earthly control do change, but through it all God does not change. Eventually all will be turned over to God and that will mean eternal stability and blessing. 1 Cor. 15:28

See A181:1 � 183.3 (esp. A181.2)
R5605 THE MINISTRY OF ANGELS

Verse 13

"But to which of the angels said he at any times, Sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool?"
QuestionAnswer
Which angel(s) did God say this to? None, other than our Lord.
What is meant by right hand? Most people are right handed. As such, the right hand becomes a symbol of strength and usefulness. Matt. 26:63-64
Why did God tell Jesus that He (God) would �make thine enemies thy footstool?� Because it is by God's power and authority that Christ acts, as His representative.
Is this in conflict with 1 Cor. 15:24-28? Same answer as above.

Verse 14

"Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation?"
QuestionAnswer
What is meant by the angels being �ministering spirits?� Strong's 3010 - "beneficent"
Who are those �who shall be heirs of salvation?� The church.
  1. Eph. 1:18 - Only an heir can receive an "inheritance."
  2. 1 Thes. 5:9 - "God hath.. appointed us.. to obtain salvation.."
  3. 2 Thes. 2:13 - "God hath.. chosen you to salvation.."
  4. Heb. 5:9 - "Eternal salvation unto all that obey Him."
  5. Jude 3 - "The common [to the church] salvation.. contend earnestly for the faith.."

Chapter 2